In vitro study of foot kinematics using a dynamic walking cadaver model

Nester, Christopher; Liu, A.M.; Ward, Erin; Howard, David; Cocheba, J; Derrick, Timothy R.; Patterson, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.09.008

Cited by 130 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Subsequent research has shown that rear, mid and forefoot joints demonstrate similar amounts of motion during walking and thus require separate consideration [8]. Indeed, motion on the lateral arch of the foot (calcaneus-cuboid-fifth metatarsal) has been shown to equal that of the more commonly reported medial arch [8,16] and thus warrants separate reporting. However, to date kinematic data for separate medial and lateral forefoot segments is limited to small samples (n < 12) [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of the human foot in 100 pain free individuals aged 18¿45: implications for understanding normal foot function

Nester

Jarvis

Jones

et al. 2014

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Background: Understanding motion in the normal healthy foot is a prerequisite for understanding the effects of pathology and thereafter setting targets for interventions. Quality foot kinematic data from healthy feet will also assist the development of high quality and research based clinical models of foot biomechanics. To address gaps in the current literature we aimed to describe 3D foot kinematics using a 5 segment foot model in a population of 100 pain free individuals. Methods: Kinematics of the leg, calcaneus, midfoot, medial and lateral forefoot and hallux were measured in 100 self reported healthy and pain free individuals during walking. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise foot movements. Contributions from different foot segments to the total motion in each plane were also derived to explore functional roles of different parts of the foot.Results: Foot segments demonstrated greatest motion in the sagittal plane, but large ranges of movement in all planes. All foot segments demonstrated movement throughout gait, though least motion was observed between the midfoot and calcaneus. There was inconsistent evidence of movement coupling between joints. There were clear differences in motion data compared to foot segment models reported in the literature. Conclusions:The data reveal the foot is a multiarticular structure, movements are complex, show incomplete evidence of coupling, and vary person to person. The data provide a useful reference data set against which future experimental data can be compared and may provide the basis for conceptual models of foot function based on data rather than anecdotal observations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of the human foot in 100 pain free individuals aged 18¿45: implications for understanding normal foot function

Nester

Jarvis

Jones

et al. 2014

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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“…In order to investigate foot function under dynamic conditions representative for gait, several groups have developed a set-up for dynamic in vitro gait simulation using cadaveric feet [1,[3][4][5][6][7], all applying forces to the tendons and controlling tibial kinematics, in some cases supplemented with ground reaction forces. Since the first publication on in vitro gait simulation [1], each group has focused on improving several aspects of the existing approaches, being mainly the limited degrees of freedom of the mechanism controlling the kinematics of the tibia, the low gait speed, the limited forces applied to the tendons and the limited ground reaction force magnitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro approach to the evaluation of foot-ankle kinematics: Performance evaluation of a custom-built gait simulator

Peeters

Natsakis

Burg

et al. 2013

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Despite their well known limitations, in vitro experiments have several benefits over in vivo techniques when exploring foot biomechanics under conditions characteristic for gait.In this study, we present a new set-up for dynamic in vitro gait simulation that integrates a numerical model for generating the tibial kinematics control input and we present an innovative methodology to measure full 3D joint kinematics during gait simulations. The gait simulator applies forces to the tendons. Tibial kinematics in the sagittal plane is controlled using a numerical model that takes into account foot morphology. The methodology is validated by comparing joint rotations measured during gait simulation with those measured in vivo. In addition, reliability and accuracy of the control system as well as simulation input and output repeatability are quantified. The results reflect good control performance and repeatability of the control inputs, vertical ground reaction force, center of pressure displacement and joint rotations and translations. In addition, there is a good correspondence to in vivo kinematics for most patterns of motion at the ankle, subtalar and Chopart's joints. Therefore, these results show the relevance and validity of including specimen-specific information for defining the control inputs.

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“…Conversely, these relative movements are reversed during pronation. Therefore, the navicular and cuboid consistently move as a functional unit at the same time and in the same direction relative to the calcaneus and talus [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Indeed, previous studies were mainly limited to the medial arch, while in reality; all the three arches contribute to support the diverse biomechanical activities of the foot. Moreover, it has been shown that motion of the lateral arch is similar to that of the medial arch [9,14,19,20]; whereas the transverse arch is essential to the stability of both arches [2,22]. Thus, understanding the relationship between the arches of the foot is paramount.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%