In Vitro Study of Irrigation solution of Chitosan Nanoparticles to Inhibit the Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus faecalis in the Root Canal

Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) plays a role in the pathogenesis of dental root canal infections. Chitosan has antibacterial properties and a chelating agent in the tooth root canal and is biodegradable and non-toxic. They analyzed the irrigation response of Chitosan nanoparticles to the virulence properties of E. faecalis in the dental root canal. Examination of E. faecalis virulence properties was carried out with violet crystals to obtain biofilm inhibition strength, Gram staining to determine lysis and coagulation of bacterial cells, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to analyze the surface roughness of the tooth root canal. Chitosan nanoparticles combined with 2.5% NaOCl has a strong inhibition of the formation of E. faecalis biofilm, both based on the control group (p> 0.05; 0.088) and incubation time of 48 h and 72 h, also inhibitory power, which was better at 24 h (p> 0.05; 0.185) than the other groups. Irrigation solution of Chitosan nanoparticles combined with 2.5% NaOCl has better lysis and cell agglutination of E. faecalis bacteria compared to other groups, especially at all incubation times, based on the control group (p> 0.05; 0.104) and incubation time (p> 0.05; 0.580) can reduce the surface roughness of the dental root canal, but the impact of giving irrigation materials to each treatment group with the incubation time showed significant differences (p<0.05). The Chitosan nanoparticles solution as an irrigation material has a strong ability to suppress the formation of biofilms, coagulation, and lysis of E. faecalis cells and better reduce the walls' surface roughness dental root canal at 24 hours incubation time.