In vitro supplementation with the porcine plasma product, betaGRO®, stimulates activity of porcine fetal myoblasts and neonatal satellite cells in a divergent manner

Abstract

Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of betaGRO ® supplementation on in vitro porcine fetal myoblasts (PFM) and porcine satellite cells (PSC) proliferation, fusion and myotube thickness. The PFM and PSC were isolated from the m. longissimus dorsi of day 60 of gestation fetuses and piglets within 24 h of birth, respectively. Proliferation assays were conducted as 4 × 3 factorial arrangements with time of culture (24, 48, 72, 96 h) and media treatment (standard porcine media supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum (HS); HS without 10% fetal bovine serum (LS); and LS supplemented with 10 mg/ml betaGRO ® (BG)) as main effects. Fusion and myotube growth assays were conducted as 2 × 2 factorial designs with serum concentration (HS or LS), and betaGRO ® inclusion (0 or 10 mg/ml) as main effects. There was a treatment × time interaction and betaGRO ® × serum interactions for proliferation, fusion and myotube thickness of PFM ( P < 0.01). At all-time points, HS and BG-PFM had greater proliferation rates compared LS ( P < 0.01). The HS treatment had greater proliferation rates than BG ( P < 0.02) except at 72 h of culture ( P = 0.44). When betaGRO ® was added to LS media, fusion percentage and myotube thickness decreased ( P < 0.01), while fusion percentage increased ( P < 0.01) and myotube thickness was unaffected ( P = 0.63) when betaGRO ® was added to HS media. There were treatment × time and betaGRO ® × serum interactions for proliferation rate and fusion rate of PSC, respectively ( P < 0.01). At all-time points, HS had greater proliferation rates than LS and BG ( P < 0.01), and LS had greater proliferation rates than BG ( P < 0.02). When betaGRO ® was added to LS and HS media, fusion percentage increased for both media types ( P < 0.01). There was no betaGRO ® × serum interaction ( P = 0.63) for PSC myotube thickness; however, betaGRO ® supplemented myotubes were thicker ( P < 0.01) than non-betaGRO ® supplemented myotubes. These two experiments indicate in vitro betaGRO ® supplementation stimulates divergent responses based on the age of cell examined.

Evaluation of a Product Derived from Porcine Plasma Protein and a Yeast Product with Similar Biological Activity in Diets of Growing Broilers

“…Therefore, the response to BG and CT supplementation is likely not nutritive but due to metabolic improvements. Recent research has demonstrated that BG promoted immune cell function and skeletal muscle growth in vitro [24,25]. Inclusion of BG in culture medium at 10 mg/mL resulted in significantly larger myotube size and was mediated by positive changes in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling proteins [24].…”

“…Recent research has demonstrated that BG promoted immune cell function and skeletal muscle growth in vitro [24,25]. Inclusion of BG in culture medium at 10 mg/mL resulted in significantly larger myotube size and was mediated by positive changes in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling proteins [24]. Immune research previously conducted observed that BG supplementation increased respiratory metabolism of actively growing β-lymphocyte cells by more than two-fold, which was mediated by mTOR pathway signaling since the addition of rapamycin abolished all positive treatment effects [25].…”

“…The product betaGRO ® (BG) is porcine plasma that is processed to enhance the bioactivity of key metabolic proteins and celluTEIN ® (CT) is a proprietary yeast-based product that is blended with key amino acids to simulate the biological value of protein products. Recent reports show that BG stimulates skeletal muscle growth and immune cell metabolism in vitro [24,25]. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate broiler growth under pathogenic stress in response to BG and CT.…”