In‐vitro susceptibility of hydatid cysts of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> to nitric oxide and the effect of the laminated layer on nitric oxide production

Steers, Nick; Rogan, M. T.; Heath, Sacha K.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3024.2001.00385.x

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This observation is explained by the phagocytosis of laminated layer fragments by mononuclear inflammatory cells (STEERS et al, 2001), which were found extensively in different cystic lesions. Therefore, complete or partial phagocytosis of the laminated layers may occur during the immune response in different hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Post-immunization immunohistochemical expression of Caspase 3 and p53 apoptotic markers in experimental hydatidosis

El-Aal

El-Gebaly

Al-Antably

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of this study was to investigate post-immunization apoptotic changes in experimental hydatidosis, using Caspase 3 and p53 immunohistochemical markers. Two groups of rabbits were immunized with a crude antigen (group 1) or a partially purified antigen (group 2) and were compared to an infected non-immunized control group. More effective immune responses were obtained in group 2 than group 1, signified by fewer and smaller cystic lesions and more severe destructive changes. Normal growth of cysts was attained in the control group, with no expression of apoptotic markers. Significantly higher expression of Caspase 3 and p53 were observed in group 1 compared to group 2, as indicated by OD and area percentage, respectively (Group 1 Caspase 3: 0.89±0.21, 93.5%±6.2; Group 1 p53: 0.46±0.18, 53.26%±11.6; Group 2 Caspase 3: 0.52±0.15, 49.23%±11.7; Group 2 p53: 0.19±0.4, 18.17%±7.3). Vaccine-induced immune responses and cellular damage may underlie the expression of apoptotic markers that appeared to result in a degenerative and atrophic course of action upon immunization. The results of the current study emphasize the importance of immunization for the stimulation of protective immune responses and in preventing mechanisms of evasion to ensure normal cell growth. A cost/benefit control program that implements proper vaccine preparations should be further assessed for complete elimination of severe infections in endemic areas.Keywords: Experimental hydatidosis, Caspase 3, p53, apoptosis. ResumoO objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar mudanças de apoptose pós-imunização em hidatidose experimental, usando os marcadores imuno-histoquímicos Caspase 3 e p53. Dois grupos de coelhos foram imunizados com antígeno bruto (grupo 1) e com antígeno parcialmente purificado (grupo 2). Estes grupos foram comparados a um grupo controle infectado e não-imunizado. Respostas imunes mais eficientes foram obtidas do grupo 2, que apresentou lesões císticas menores e menos frequentes, e mudanças destrutivas mais graves. Cistos cresceram normalmente no grupo controle, sem expressão dos marcadores de apoptose. Expressões significativamente mais altas de Caspase 3 e p53 foram observadas no grupo 1 quando comparado ao grupo 2, como indicado por DO e área de percentagem, respectivamente (Grupo 1 Caspase 3: 0,89±0,21, 93,5%±6,2; Grupo 1 p53: 0, 46±0,18, 53,26%±11,6; Grupo 2 Caspase 3: 0,52±0,15, 49,23%±11,7; Grupo 2 p53: 0,19±0,4, 18,17%±7,3). Respostas imunológicas induzidas por vacinas e danos celulares podem ser a base para a expressão dos marcadores de apoptose cujos desfechos demonstraram ação degenerativa e atrófica durante imunização. Os resultados do presente estudo enfatizam a importância da imunização para o estímulo de respostas imunes de proteção e para mecanismos de prevenção de evasão para garantir crescimento celular normal. Um programa de controle de custo/benefício que implemente preparações de vacinas adequadas deve ser analisado em mais detalhe para a completa eliminação de infecções graves em áreas endêmicas.Pal...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Post-immunization immunohistochemical expression of Caspase 3 and p53 apoptotic markers in experimental hydatidosis

El-Aal

El-Gebaly

Al-Antably

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…On comparing cytokine profiles of the present study with those of alveolar echinococcosis (Wellinghausen et al, 1999;Shi et al, 2004), compable cytokine profiles were found in cystic versus alveolar echinococcosis, the parasitic agents being very similar but the clinical course very different. NO was not investigated in human CE but the interaction between hydatid cyst and NO was investigated in mice (Steers et al, 2001). NO was produced by macrophages from mice infected with E. multilocularis that resulted in immunosuppression and prolonged larval growth and survival (Dai & Gottstein, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although small amounts of NO are constitutively released by endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide enzymes, inducible NO, located mainly in immune cells such as macrophages, is induced and produced in considerable amounts after exposure to cytokines (Nussler et al, 1992;Lincolin et al, 1997). NO has been investigated in animal models of CE such as BALB/c mice (Steers et al, 2001). C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase marker most commonly used to detect inflammation in the body and monitor the activity of a range of inflammatory conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Postoperative changes in serum cytokines profile and nitric oxide levels in patients with cystic echinococcosis

2005

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Summary :The aim of the present study was to examine serum cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE). 28 patients with CE were studied and all underwent surgery. Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin IL-1β, receptor of soluble IL-2R (sIL-2R), IL-6, IL-8, nitrate/nitrite, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined before and after induction of treatment. Data were compared with those obtained from 28 healthy volunteers. IL-6 was elevated in all CE patients (100 %). IL-8 was increased in 11/28 (39.3 %). Increased levels of IL-2R and TNF-α were found in a limited number of them particularly those showing cysts in the central area of the liver (5/28, 6/28). IL-1β level was not elevated in any patient except in secondary severe CE. CRP and nitrate/nitrite levels were also increased. A positive correlation between CRP and IL-6 (r = 0.74; p < 0.001) was found confirming the link between inflammation due to CE and activation of monocytes. All patients completely recovered and the levels of the studied parameters reverted to normal levels except one patient in whom severe recurrent disease occurred two years after the first operation. These results suggest that there are different immunoregulatory events and cytokines response during CE and may be in part related to slight monocytosis and in part to Th2 activation. IL-6, NO and CRP were unambiguously involved in the host parasite interaction and therefore may be useful markers in monitoring CE management and evaluating surgical stress. Résumé :

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“…Therefore, in the present study, the statistical significant higher levels of nitric oxide in group III, at 1st, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks post infection compared to group IV (Table 1) indicate the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of A. sativum in murine cystic hydatidosis. This protective effect of A. sativum could be mediated by nitric oxide production as, in vitro, murine hydatid cysts of E. granulosus were damaged and killed when incubated in presence of nitric oxide produced by IFN-c activated peritoneal macrophages (Steers et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human elevated levels of NO and IFN-c have been observed in sera from some patients with E. granulosus infection (Touil-Boukoffa et al 1998). In vitro, murine hydatid cysts of E. granulosus were damaged and killed when incubated in presence of NO produced by IFN-c activated peritoneal macrophages (Steers et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effect of Allium sativum on serum nitric oxide level and hepatic histopathology in experimental cystic echinococcosis in mice

2014

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The current study was carried out to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Allium sativum on experimental cystic echinococcosis by measuring the serum nitric oxide level and studying hepatic histopathological changes. The experimental animals were divided into five groups, ten mice in each, group (I): prophylactic; group (II): therapeutic; group (III): prophylactic and therapeutic; group (IV): infected nontreated; group (V): non infected non treated. The results showed that serum nitric oxide was significantly increased as a result of infection in all infected groups compared to group V. Statistical significant difference was noted in serum nitrate level in group

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In‐vitro susceptibility of hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus to nitric oxide and the effect of the laminated layer on nitric oxide production

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

Post-immunization immunohistochemical expression of Caspase 3 and p53 apoptotic markers in experimental hydatidosis

Post-immunization immunohistochemical expression of Caspase 3 and p53 apoptotic markers in experimental hydatidosis

Postoperative changes in serum cytokines profile and nitric oxide levels in patients with cystic echinococcosis

Assessment of the effect of Allium sativum on serum nitric oxide level and hepatic histopathology in experimental cystic echinococcosis in mice

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