In Vitro Susceptibility of Isolated Shigella Flexneri and Shigella Dysenteriae to the Ethanolic Extracts of Trachyspermum Ammi and Peganum Harmala

Abstract

Objective: This study represents the first attempt to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Peganum harmala, and Trachyspermum ammi seeds extract against the isolated bacillary dysentery-causing microorganisms.Methods: T. ammi and P. harmala were extracted by 96% ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were screened for their phytochemical constituents. Their antimicrobial activity against the isolated dysentery-causing microorganisms was evaluated using the agar diffusion method.Results: The antimicrobial activity result showed that, the two isolated bacteria, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella dysenteriae were found to be sensitive to the extract of T. ammi seed with inhibition zones up to 25 mm, compared to the inhibition zone of 20 mm produced by Gentamycin standard drug, this is mainly due to the presence of the different phytochemical in the extract such as tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids which are well known for their antimicrobial effects. The two isolated bacteria were found to be insensitive (zero mm) to P. harmala extract, Amoxicillin, and Amoclan (Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid) standard drugs, this is due to the fact that, the phytochemicals constituents of P. harmala possess the antagonistic effect to each other’s. Addition to; these bacteria became resistant to both Amoxicillin and Amoclan.Conclusion: From the results it concludes, T. ammi seeds extract had a considerable level of antimicrobial activity against bacillary dysentery-causing microorganisms resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid drugs.

Assessment of antimicrobial activity in Diplostephium phylicoides and Diplostephium revolutum extracts by plates and wells method

“…The medicinal plants are very important to the health of individuals and communities worldwide; this is mainly due to that, most of the drugs derived from herbs are free of side effects or reactions. The herbs have medicinal quality provide rational means for the treatment of many diseases, which are considered of difficult cure [10]. The assessment of the extracts made with the four solvents (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and dichloromethane) from D. phylicoides on E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, and P. aeruginosa, as evidenced in Table 1 and Fig.…”

“…However, for D. revolutum, no research has been carried out on the compounds to which the previously mentioned antimicrobial activity can be attributed. Although, in preliminary studies of the genus Diplostephium [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], compounds such as flavonoids and triterpenes have been determined, which have been described as antimicrobial activity due to the alteration of the lipid bilayer in the plasma membrane, which leads to an alteration of permeability. The differences between the biological activities of terpenes against microorganisms can be explained by differences in the composition of the bacterial wall [20].…”

“…The extraction process was carried out with the leaves of each plant separately, by hot extraction method in Soxhlet extraction and using as solvents petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. These extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40°C [9][10][11] and they were solubilized and brought to a concentration of 100 mg/mL in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for later use.…”

Evaluation of Different Protein Precipitates of a Wild Mushroom, Ganoderma Lucidum for Antibacterial Activities Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

“…For instance, a recent study shows that the ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi seed has strong antibacterial activity against Shigella spp. [3].…”