In vitro synthesis of photosynthetic membranes: I. Development of photosystem I activity and cyclic photophosphorylation

Daniell, Henry; Ramanujam, P.; Krishnan, Muthukalingan; Gnanam, A.; Rebeiz, Constantin A.

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(83)90367-4

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Use of S 35 methionine and specific protein synthesis inhibitors for chloroplast (chloramphenicol) and cytosolic (cycloheximide) ribosomes made it possible to distinguish proteins synthesized in each compartment (Ellis, 1977). Isolated intact chloroplasts were shown to synthesize proteins, capable of photosystem I activity with cyclic phosphorylation (Daniell et al ., 1983) and form macro‐grana (Rebeiz et al ., 1984) with photosystem II activities (Daniell et al ., 1984; Daniell and Sarojini, 1984) during greening in vitro. It is remarkable that protein synthetic capacity is retained in parasitic plants when all photosynthetic genes were lost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another major concern was the development of resistance in insects to bacterial insecticidal (Bt) proteins produced in plants at low expression levels via the nuclear genome. Therefore, the concept of chloroplast genetic engineering was first demonstrated in isolated chloroplasts (Daniell et al ., 1991; Daniell et al ., 1984; Daniell and McFadden, 1987; Daniell et al ., 1983; Rebeiz et al ., 1984), with the goal of reintroduction of chloroplasts into protoplasts to regenerate transplastomic lines (Bonnett, 1976; Bonnett and Eriksson, 1974) (Table 1). However, invention of the gene gun by John Sanford at Cornell University eliminated the need for the latter step and facilitated introduction of foreign DNA directly into chloroplasts of plant cells (Daniell, 1993; Daniell et al ., 1984; Daniell et al ., 1990; Ye et al ., 1990)(Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green giant—a tiny chloroplast genome with mighty power to produce high‐value proteins: history and phylogeny

Daniell

Jin

Zhu

et al. 2021

Plant Biotechnology Journal

109

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Summary Free‐living cyanobacteria were entrapped by eukaryotic cells ~2 billion years ago, ultimately giving rise to chloroplasts. After a century of debate, the presence of chloroplast DNA was demonstrated in the 1960s. The first chloroplast genomes were sequenced in the 1980s, followed by ~100 vegetable, fruit, cereal, beverage, oil and starch/sugar crop chloroplast genomes in the past three decades. Foreign genes were expressed in isolated chloroplasts or intact plant cells in the late 1980s and stably integrated into chloroplast genomes, with typically maternal inheritance shown in the 1990s. Since then, chloroplast genomes conferred the highest reported levels of tolerance or resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. Although launching products with agronomic traits in important crops using this concept has been elusive, commercial products developed include enzymes used in everyday life from processing fruit juice, to enhancing water absorption of cotton fibre or removal of stains as laundry detergents and in dye removal in the textile industry. Plastid genome sequences have revealed the framework of green plant phylogeny as well as the intricate history of plastid genome transfer events to other eukaryotes. Discordant historical signals among plastid genes suggest possible variable constraints across the plastome and further understanding and mitigation of these constraints may yield new opportunities for bioengineering. In this review, we trace the evolutionary history of chloroplasts, status of autonomy and recent advances in products developed for everyday use or those advanced to the clinic, including treatment of COVID‐19 patients and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green giant—a tiny chloroplast genome with mighty power to produce high‐value proteins: history and phylogeny

Daniell

Jin

Zhu

et al. 2021

Plant Biotechnology Journal

109

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“…Early investigations on chloroplast transformation focused on the development of intact chloroplasts capable of efficient and prolonged transcription and translation [7][8][9] and expression of foreign genes in isolated chloroplasts 10 . These experiments were done under the premise that it was possible to introduce isolated intact chloroplasts into protoplasts and regenerate transgenic plants 11 .…”

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Containment of herbicide resistance through genetic engineering of the chloroplast genome

et al. 1998

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Glyphosate is a potent herbicide. It works by competitive inhibition of the enzyme 5-enol-pyruvyl shiki-mate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which catalyzes an essential step in the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway. We report the genetic engineering of herbicide resistance by stable integration of the petunia EPSPS gene into the tobacco chloroplast genome using the tobacco or universal vector. Southern blot analysis confirms stable integration of the EPSPS gene into all of the chloroplast genomes (5000-10,000 copies per cell) of transgenic plants. Seeds obtained after the first self-cross of transgenic plants germinated and grew normally in the presence of the selectable marker, whereas the control seedlings were bleached. While control plants were extremely sensitive to glyphosate, transgenic plants survived sprays of high concentrations of glyphosate. Chloroplast transformation provides containment of foreign genes because plastid transgenes are not transmitted by pollen. The escape of foreign genes via pollen is a serious environmental concern in nuclear transgenic plants because of the high rates of gene flow from crops to wild weedy relatives. Keywords agricultural biotechnology; transformation; tobacco; glyphosate Glyphosate is a potent, broad spectrum herbicide that is highly effective against a majority of grasses and broad leaf weeds. Glyphosate works by competitive inhibition of the enzyme 5-enol-pyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) of the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway. Synthesis of EPSP from shiki-mate-3-phosphate and inorganic phosphate is catalyzed by EPSPS. This particular reaction occurs only in plants and microorganisms, which explains why glyphosate is nontoxic to other living forms. Use of glyphosate is environmentally safe as it is inactivated rapidly in soil, has minimum soil mobility, and degrades to natural products, with little toxicity to non-plant life forms. However, glyphosate lacks selectivity and does not distinguish crops from weeds, thereby restricting its use. EPSPS-based glyphosate resistance has been genetically engineered via the nuclear genome either by the overproduction of the wild-type EPSPS 1 or by the expression of a mutant gene (aroA) encoding glyphosate-resistant EPSPS 2 . *Corresponding author (daniehe@mail.auburn.edu). HHS Public Access Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptIn all of the aforementioned examples, without exception, herbicide-resistant genes have been introduced into the nuclear genome. One common concern is the escape of a foreign gene through pollen dispersal from transgenic crop plants engineered for herbicide resistance to their weedy relatives, creating "superweeds." Dispersal of pollen from a central test plot containing transgenic cotton plants to surrounding nontransgenic plants has been observed at varying distances in different directions 3,4 . The escape of foreign genes through pollen is a serious environmental concern, especially in the case of herbicide resistance genes, b...

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“…Also, etioplasts that had been loaded with prothylakoid proteins by treatment of etiolated cucumber cotyledons with hormones (14) converted prothylakoids into macrograna when illuminated in a cofactor-enriched medium (15). Daniell and colleagues also demonstrated the development of electron transport coupled to photophosphorylation in concordance with the synthesis of required polypeptides in isolated etioplasts (16,17). Finally, they also observed linear biosynthesis of pigment and translation of endogenous messages for 8 hr (18).…”

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confidence: 82%

Uptake and expression of bacterial and cyanobacterial genes by isolated cucumber etioplasts.

Daniell¹,

McFadden²

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The uptake and expression by plastids isolated from dark-grown cucumber cotyledons (etioplasts) of two pUC derivatives, pCS75 and pUC9-CM, respectively carrying genes for the large small subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of Anacystis nidulans or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, is reported. Untreated etioplasts take up only 3% as much DNA as that taken up by EDTA-washed etioplasts after 2 hr of incubation with nick-translated [32P]-pCS75. The presence or absence of light does not affect DNA uptake, binding, or breakdown by etioplasts. Calcium or magnesium ions inhibit DNA uptake by 86% but enhance binding (23-200%) and breakdown (163-235%) of donor DNA by EDTA-treated etioplasts. Uncouplers that abolish membrane potential (delta psi), transmembrane proton gradient (delta pH), or both do not affect DNA uptake, binding, or breakdown by etioplast. However, both DNA uptake and binding are severely inhibited by ATP. Presumably this results from the hydrolysis of ATP, because the poorly hydrolyzable analog adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate does not inhibit the uptake or binding of DNA by etioplasts. beta-Lactamase specified by the ampicillin resistance gene of pCS75 can be detected only in EDTA-treated etioplasts that have been incubated with the plasmid pCS75. After the incubation of EDTA-treated etioplasts with pCS75, immunoprecipitation using antiserum to the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from A. nidulans reveals the synthesis of small subunits; these are smaller by 2 kDa than the cucumber small subunit encoded by the nuclear genome. Treatment of etioplasts with 10 mM EDTA shows a 10-min duration to be optimal for the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase encoded by pUC9-CM. A progressive increase in the expression of this enzyme is observed with an increase in the concentration of pUC9-CM in the DNA uptake medium. The plasmid-dependent incorporation of [35S]methionine by EDTA-treated organelles declines markedly during cotyledon greening in vivo.

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In vitro synthesis of photosynthetic membranes: I. Development of photosystem I activity and cyclic photophosphorylation

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Green giant—a tiny chloroplast genome with mighty power to produce high‐value proteins: history and phylogeny

Green giant—a tiny chloroplast genome with mighty power to produce high‐value proteins: history and phylogeny

Containment of herbicide resistance through genetic engineering of the chloroplast genome

Uptake and expression of bacterial and cyanobacterial genes by isolated cucumber etioplasts.

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