In vitro virulence characteristics of rare serovars of Salmonella enterica isolated from sand lizards (Lacerta agilis L.)

Mokracka, Joanna; Krzymińska, Sylwia; Алтунин, Д. А.; Wasyl, Dariusz; Koczura, Ryszard; Dudek, Krzysztof; Dudek, Monika; Chyleńska, Zofia Anna; Ekner-Grzyb, Anna

doi:10.1007/s10482-018-1079-8

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…S. Schleissheim on the other hand, which was detected in one common buzzard in the present study, is less frequently isolated from environmental samples, 20 mammals including humans, 21,22 birds including a Common buzzard 23 and reptiles 28 (Table 2) in different countries. While animals were not reported to show clinical signs, infection in humans was associated with enteritis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Low occurrence of Salmonella spp. in wild birds from a Swiss rehabilitation centre

Vogler

Zurfluh

Mattmann

et al. 2021

Veterinary Record Open

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Background Salmonella are bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae with a wide host range. Infection in birds causes subclinical disease to mass mortality events. Wild birds may act as healthy carriers posing a hazard to livestock and humans. The present study investigated the occurrence of Salmonella in wild birds admitted to a rehabilitation centre in order to assess the exposure of the staff to this zoonotic pathogen. Methods Faecal swabs of 552 avian patients (68 species) were collected over the course of 12 months. Each sample was propagated in enrichment broth and subsequently incubated on a RAPID' Salmonella plate. Salmonella isolates were serotyped, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Results Six Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ( S . Typhimurium) and 1 S . Schleissheim were detected; all were pansusceptible to the antibiotics tested. Conclusion Despite the low positive rate in the tested population, the authors recommend applying protective equipment and hygiene measures when handling wild birds.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Low occurrence of Salmonella spp. in wild birds from a Swiss rehabilitation centre

Vogler

Zurfluh

Mattmann

et al. 2021

Veterinary Record Open

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“…The study reported that proteins, such as SiiE (SPI4) were only present in the former while others, such as MgtB (SPI3) and SseL (SPI2) were only in the latter. Similarly, Salmonella characterization from sand lizards showed variations in virulence gene prevalence among rare serovars consequently affecting pathogenicity; serovar Telhashomer, which had no SPI1 genes, also showed the lowest adhesion and apoptosis induction in vitro [ 84 ]. Comparisons between a clinical Salmonella isolate, and two other serovars of different pathogenic potential showed higher disease severity in pigs based on fecal and histopathological scores among the clinical isolate and serovar Typhimurium than Derby, which was reflected accordingly in the absence of some virulence factors in Derby such as lpf , stc , stj , and sodC1 [ 85 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic virulence profiles and associations in Salmonella isolated from meat samples in wet markets and abattoirs of Metro Manila, Philippines

et al. 2022

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Background Salmonella are pathogenic foodborne bacteria with complex pathogenicity from numerous virulence genes housed in Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs), plasmids, and other gene cassettes. However, Salmonella virulence gene distributions and mechanisms remain unestablished. In the Philippines, studies mainly report Salmonella incidences and antimicrobial resistance, but little to none on virulence profiles, their associations to animal sources, collection sites and Salmonella serogroups. Hence, a total of 799 Salmonella isolates, previously obtained from pig, cow, and chicken meat samples in wet markets and abattoirs (wet markets: 124 chicken, 151 cow, and 352 pig meat isolates; abattoirs: 172 pig tonsil and jejunum isolates) in Metro Manila, Philippines, were revived and confirmed as Salmonella through invA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were then screened for eight virulence genes, namely avrA, hilA, sseC, mgtC, spi4R, pipB, spvC and spvR, by optimized multiplex PCR and significant pair associations between virulence genes were determined through Fisher’s exact test. Gene frequency patterns were also determined. Salmonella serogroups in addition to animal sources and location types were also used to predict virulence genes prevalence using binary logistic regression. Results High frequencies (64 to 98%) of SPI virulence genes were detected among 799 Salmonella isolates namely mgtC, pipB, avrA, hilA, spi4R and sseC, from most to least. However, only one isolate was positive for plasmid-borne virulence genes, spvC and spvR. Diversity in virulence genes across Salmonella serogroups for 587 Salmonella isolates (O:3 = 250, O:4 = 133, O:6,7 = 99, O:8 = 93, O:9 = 12) was also demonstrated through statistical predictions, particularly for avrA, hilA, sseC, and mgtC. mgtC, the most frequent virulence gene, was predicted by serogroup O:9, while sseC, the least frequent, was predicted by serogroup O:4 and chicken animal source. The highest virulence gene pattern involved SPIs 1-5 genes which suggests the wide distribution and high pathogenic potential of Salmonella. Statistical analyses showed five virulence gene pair associations, namely avrA and hilA, avrA and spi4R, hilA and spi4R, sseC and spi4R, and mgtC and pipB. The animal sources predicted the presence of virulence genes, sseC and pipB, whereas location type for hilA and spi4R, suggesting that these factors may contribute to the type and pathogenicity of Salmonella present. Conclusion The high prevalence of virulence genes among Salmonella in the study suggests the high pathogenic potential of Salmonella from abattoirs and wet markets of Metro Manila, Philippines which poses food safety and public health concerns and threatens the Philippine food animal industry. Statistical associations between virulence genes and prediction analyses across Salmonella serogroups and external factors such as animal source and location type and presence of virulence genes suggest the diversity of Salmonella virulence and illustrate determining factors to Salmonella pathogenicity. This study recommends relevant agencies in the Philippines to improve standards in food animal industries and increase efforts in monitoring of foodborne pathogens.

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“…Chociaż większość serowarów może wywoływać zakażenia wielu gatunków zwierząt, czego najlepszym przykładem jest S. Typhimurium lub S. Enteritidis, niektóre z nich wykazują znacznie mniejszą swoistość w zakresie gospodarza, np. S. Dublin wywołująca głównie zakażenia bydła, S. Choleraesuis typowy serowar dla świń czy S. Gallinarum, którego występowanie jest ograniczone do drobiu (35). Salmonelloza u zwierząt hodowlanych może wystąpić jako infekcja stada z objawami klinicznymi (najczęściej biegunka, gorączka) lub jako postać subkliniczna.…”

Section: Zakażenia Człowiekaunclassified

“…W Nowej Zelandii jaszczurki występujące w popularnych, nadrzecznych terenach wypoczynkowych zidentyfikowano jako źródło licznych zakażeń S. Saintpaul (23). Salmonella, takie jak S. Schleisshem, S. Abony, S. Telhashomer, stwierdzano u wielu osobników rodzimego gatunku jaszczurki zwinki, żyjącego w mieście (35). Badania przeprowadzone w Polsce wykazały, że aż 87,5% węży pochodzących ze środowiska naturalnego było nosicielami Salmonella (60).…”

Section: Zakażenia Człowiekaunclassified

Occurrence of Salmonella in the environment

RENATA¹,

MAGDALENA²,

MAGDALENA³

et al. 2024

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Salmonella is one of the most common causes of foodborne diseases. Although it is an intestinal bacterium, it can function perfectly well in various environments outside the host’s organism. Salmonella infections in humans are transmitted mainly through food of animal or plant origin and pose a serious problem for public health and the economy. Salmonella is an etiological factor of diseases in farm and free-living animals, which are also the most common source of environmental contamination. Reptiles and amphibians represent an important and often underestimated reservoir of these bacteria. Even under unfavorable conditions, the pathogen can survive for years in feed or food processing facilities mainly because of its ability to form biofilm. Salmonella can colonize plants epiphytically and endophytically. After penetrating external tissues, it can be transferred through the internal transport system to various organs, including fruit and seeds. This process depends on the serovar of the bacteria and the species of the plant being infected. The ability of Salmonella to survive and proliferate in the soil depends on many interacting factors, such as soil type, humidity, pH, temperature, and indigenous flora. Enriching the soil with natural fertilizers increases the occurrence of the pathogen and significantly reduces its rate of decline. In the aquatic environment, as well, Salmonella can survive for months after direct contamination with human or animal faeces or indirect contamination with insufficiently treated sewage sludge or runoff from agricultural land. The main determinants of Salmonella survival are temperature, sunlight, and the presence of accompanying microflora. Contaminated water used in processing can also be an indirect cause of transmission of intestinal pathogens to food.

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In vitro virulence characteristics of rare serovars of Salmonella enterica isolated from sand lizards (Lacerta agilis L.)

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Low occurrence of Salmonella spp. in wild birds from a Swiss rehabilitation centre

Low occurrence of Salmonella spp. in wild birds from a Swiss rehabilitation centre

Genotypic virulence profiles and associations in Salmonella isolated from meat samples in wet markets and abattoirs of Metro Manila, Philippines

Occurrence of Salmonella in the environment

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