In vivo and in vitro release of ACTH by synthetic CRF

Turkelson, Charles M.; Arimura, Akira; Culler, Michael D.; Fishback, James B.; Groot, Kate; Kanda, Mitsuro; Luciano, Mark; Thomas, Charles R.; Chang, Ding; Chang, Jaw‐Kang; Shimizu, Makoto

doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(81)80099-x

Cited by 99 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Other investigators have confirmed and extended these findings [12,28,30], an oCRF-like immunoreactivity (oCRF-LI) has been localized in nerve cells of the rat, ovine, and human hypothalamus [2-4, 18, 19, 24, 30], and in nerve fibers of the median emi nence. The aim of the present study was to map the distribu tion of oCR-LI cells in the paraventricular nucleus and de termine the course of their fibers to the pituitary stalk-medi an eminence (SME).…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Immunoreactive Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Hypothalamoinfundibular Tract

Antoni¹,

Palkóvits²,

Makara³

et al. 1983

Neuroendocrinology

188

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Ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF)-like immunoreactivity has been examined in the rat hypothalamus by light microscopy. Immunoreactivity was found in nerve fibers of the median eminence, mainly in the external zone around the portal vessels. In rats pretreated with colchicine or with hypothalamic knife cuts, small to moderate sized cells with two (bipolar) or rarely more (multipolar) dendrites, showing CRF-like immunoreactivity were present in the antierior and medial parvocellular subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus. Scattered CRF-like immunopositive cells were found in the periventricular and medial preoptic nuclei. CRF-like immunoreactivity was clearly enhanced in the median eminence and paraventricular nucleus 8–10 days after bilateral adrenalectomy. A variety of hypothalamic transections had to be performed to determine reliably the topography of CRF-like nerve fibers projecting to the stalk-median eminence. Ax-ons left the paraventricular nucleus in a lateral direction, turned ventrally in the lateral hypothalamus then medially as they approached the base of the hypothalamus above and behind the optic chiasm (lateral retrochiasmatic area). Fibers reached the median eminence by traveling caudally and medially from the rostral half of the lateral retrochiasmatic area. Scattered fibers were present in the retroinfundibular (posterior) portion of the median eminence. No immunoreactive fibers remained in the stalk-median eminence 1 or 4 weeks after transection of that loop-like pathway of CRF-containing fibers in the lateral retrochiasmatic area.

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confidence: 71%

Immunoreactive Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Hypothalamoinfundibular Tract

Antoni¹,

Palkóvits²,

Makara³

et al. 1983

Neuroendocrinology

188

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“…|)-Adrenergic agonists and 5-HT will stimulate, while DA will inhibit in vitro release from the PI (see Introduction), while CRF and vasopressin will stimulate in vitro release of POMC-de rived peptides from the PD [15,16,26,31,[34][35][36][37], Data on the effect of CRF on release of PI peptides remain fragmen tary (see Introduction). We use primarily a perifusion sys tem which is ideally suited to characterize the dynamics of the secretory response [23,24] and a battery of BA and RIA to assess the release of POMC-derived peptides [23], To aid in evaluating the putative secretagogues involved, we have compared and contrasted the control of release from the PI with more fully characterized release of POMC-derived peptides from the corticotrophs of the PD of the adenohy pophysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of Pro-Opiomelanocortin-Derived Peptides from the Pars intermedia and Pars distalis of the Rat Pituitary: Effect of Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor and Somatostatin

Kraicer¹,

Gajewski²,

Moor³

1985

Neuroendocrinology

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The parenchymal cells of the pars intermedia (PI) and corticotrophs of the pars distalis (PD) synthesize pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), which, through posttranslational processing, gives rise to a group of structurally related peptides, including MSHs, ACTH, CLIP, LPHs and endorphins. We investigated the control of release of these peptides using an in vitro system. We perifused either intact neurointermediate lobes (NI) or PD halves obtained from rats. Perifusion medium and tissue extracts were subjected to a battery of bioassays (BA) and radioimmunoassays (RIA) (including MSH-BA, α-MSH-RIA, ACTH-BA, ACTH-RIA, LPH-RIA) and a receptor-binding assay for morphine-like activity (MLA). The relative amounts of released peptide activities were examined under basal conditions and after challenging with synthetic ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and somatostatin. CRF stimulated the release of all assayed peptides from both the PD and PI in a dose-related manner. Stimulated release was immediate (within 3 min), constant, reversible and repeatable. Somatostatin (up to 100 ng/ml) did not alter basal release from either PD or PI. Somatostatin did block CRF-induced release from the PI but not from the PD. These observations support an action of both CRF and somatostatin in the control of secretion of POMC-derived peptides from the PI.

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“…Scattered fibers were detected in the lateral-basal hypothalamus as far caudally as the level of the pituitary stalk. Unilateral anterolateral and horizontal cuts did not result in complete disappearance of CRF immunoreactivity from the ipsilateral ME, indicating the existence of CRF-fibers of contralateral origin in the ME.The 41-amino acid peptide corticotropin-releasing fac tor (CRF) has recently been isolated from ovine hypothal amic tissue [34], and has been shown to be a potent stimula tor of the release of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), (3-endorphin, and «-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) from the pituitary [27,28,33,34], Immunocytochemical studies using intact animals have shown a rich accumula tion of CRF-immunoreactive terminals in the median emi nence (ME) [I, 3, 6, 9, 25], supporting the proposed physio logical role of this peptide in the regulation of ACTH re lease from the pituitary. Studies using animals pretreated with colchicine have revealed a prominent group of CRF immunoreactive cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus [I, 3, 6, 15, 17, 31, 35].…”

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confidence: 99%

Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF): Origin and Course of Afferent Pathways to the Median Eminence (ME) of the Rat Hypothalamus

et al. 1984

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8–10 days after making various lesions in the rat hypothalamus, the presence of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive neural structures was studied in paraffin and vibratome sections with CRF immunocytochemistry. (1) Bilateral anterolateral deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) caused complete disappearance of CRF immunoreactivity from the median eminence (ME) in brains where the posterior edge of the cut reached the level of the pituitary stalk. A shorter cut resulted in positive immunostaining caudal to the caudal edge of the cut. (2) Unilateral deafferentation of the MBH caused significant decrease in CRF immunostaining in the ipsilateral ME. (3) Unilateral posterolateral deafferentation of the MBH caused no changes in CRF immunostaining in the rostral ME, while fewer CRF-containing processes were observed in the more caudal regions. (4) A horizontal cut ventral to the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) caused a slight decrease in the number of CRF-immunoreactive profiles in the ME. A wider and complete unilateral horizontal cut resulted in a significant decrease in CRF immunoreactivity on the operated side. Following various surgical interventions, hormone accumulation in cell bodies was detected in the paraventricular, periventricular preoptic, dorsomedial, periventricular, lateral and posterior hypothalamic, and premammillary nuclei. Fibers arising from most of these nuclei formed a fan-like projection to the ME. The majority of the CRF-fibers ran through the lateral tract of the fan, and reached the ME by the lateral-basal retrochiasmatic area (LBRCA). Scattered fibers were detected in the lateral-basal hypothalamus as far caudally as the level of the pituitary stalk. Unilateral anterolateral and horizontal cuts did not result in complete disappearance of CRF immunoreactivity from the ipsilateral ME, indicating the existence of CRF-fibers of contralateral origin in the ME.

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In vivo and in vitro release of ACTH by synthetic CRF

Cited by 99 publications

References 7 publications

Immunoreactive Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Hypothalamoinfundibular Tract

Immunoreactive Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Hypothalamoinfundibular Tract

Release of Pro-Opiomelanocortin-Derived Peptides from the Pars intermedia and Pars distalis of the Rat Pituitary: Effect of Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor and Somatostatin

Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF): Origin and Course of Afferent Pathways to the Median Eminence (ME) of the Rat Hypothalamus

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