In vivo -Cellular and Humoral Immune Response for Evaluation of Propolis Effect on Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Rats

Hegazı, Ahmed G.; Toaleb, Nagwa I.; Fadaly, Hassan A. El; Abdel-Rahman, Eman H.; A, Barakat A.M.

doi:10.17582/journal.aavs/2021/9.7.1045.1052

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…According to our findings, propolis can significantly reduce the parasite load in the examined organs, revealing that the stained tissue smears (liver) obtained from the animals treated with propolis exhibited a significant reduction in the parasite load compared to the positive control group. This result agrees with a previous work [ 51 ] that reported that propolis extract alone can reduce the average brain parasite load during chronic toxoplasmosis by 16.71%. Furthermore, in the same study [ 51 ], the propolis extract achieved a higher reduction percentage (31.74%) when combined with spiramycin, potentiating the therapeutic activity of spiramycin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This result agrees with a previous work [ 51 ] that reported that propolis extract alone can reduce the average brain parasite load during chronic toxoplasmosis by 16.71%. Furthermore, in the same study [ 51 ], the propolis extract achieved a higher reduction percentage (31.74%) when combined with spiramycin, potentiating the therapeutic activity of spiramycin. One more study proved the antiprotozoal activity of propolis since it inhibits tachyzoite multiplication, and its antiparasitic effect could be related to the presence of caffeic acids, terpenoids, and flavonoids [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Parasitological, Molecular, and Histopathological Investigation of the Potential Activity of Propolis and Wheat Germ Oil against Acute Toxoplasmosis in Mice

et al. 2023

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Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses that affects all vertebrates. The drugs most commonly used against toxoplasmosis have many side effects, making the development of new antiparasitic drugs a big challenge. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness of novel herbal treatments, including propolis and wheat germ oil (WGO), against acute toxoplasmosis. A total of 50 albino mice were divided into five groups: group 1 (G1) (non-infected and non-treated); group 2 (G2) (infected without treatment); group 3 (G3) (treated with propolis); group 4 (G4) (treated with WGO); group 5 (G5) (treated with a combination of propolis and WGO). The effects of the herbal substances on different organs, mainly liver, spleen, and lungs, were investigated using parasitological, molecular, and histopathological examinations. The results of parasitological examination demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in the parasitic load between treated groups (G3, G4, and G5) compared to the control positive group (G2). These differences were represented by a significant reduction in the parasite load in stained tissue smears from the liver obtained from the animals treated with propolis (G3) compared to the parasite load in the positive control group. Similarly, animals (G4) treated with WGO exhibited a significant reduction in the parasite load versus the positive control group, while the lowest parasite load was found in G5, treated with propolis and WGO. Quantification of the parasite burden through molecular methods (PCR) revealed similar findings represented by reduction in the parasite burden in all treated groups with WGO and propolis as compared to the control group. Importantly, these previous parasitological and molecular findings were accompanied by a marked improvement in the histopathological picture of the liver, spleen, and lungs. In conclusion, propolis and WGO showed a good combination of therapeutic efficacy against acute toxoplasmosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Parasitological, Molecular, and Histopathological Investigation of the Potential Activity of Propolis and Wheat Germ Oil against Acute Toxoplasmosis in Mice

et al. 2023

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“…Six weeks post-infection, herbal ingredients were orally administered to mice daily using a stomach tube for 10 days [ 44 ]. The mice were divided into the following five groups (10 mice per group): Group 1 (G1), negative control: noninfected, nontreated mice; Group 2 (G2), positive control: infected, nontreated mice; Group 3 (G3): infected and treated with 0.1 mL propolis extract/day [ 45 ]; Group 4 (G4): infected and treated with WGO at a dose of 0.2 mg/1.5 mL/per kg body weight/day [ 46 ]; and Group 5 (G5): infected and treated with a combination of WGO and propolis using the same dose in G3 and G4. Mice were assessed daily for any clinical signs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Germ Oil and Propolis Decrease Parasite Burden and Restore Marked Histopathological Changes in Liver and Lung in Mice with Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Barakat

Fadaly

Gareh

et al. 2022

Animals

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Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. Its effects can be critical in immunocompromised patients. However, there is a limited availability of effective, low-toxicity drugs against this disease, particularly in its chronic form. The present study evaluated the effect of propolis and wheat germ oil (WGO) as safe, natural products to reduce Toxoplasma cysts in experimentally infected mice. For the experiment, five groups (10 mice per group) were examined: Group 1: negative control (noninfected, nontreated); Group 2: positive control (infected, nontreated); Group 3: infected and treated with WGO at a dose of 0.2 mg/1.5 mL per kg body weight/day; Group 4: infected and treated with 0.1 mL propolis extract/day; and Group 5: infected and treated with a combination of WGO and propolis at the same doses as Group 3 and 4. After the mice were sacrificed, liver and lung specimens underwent histopathological examination, and the parasite burden was investigated by parasitological methods and quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Notably, the results showed a substantial decrease in parasitic burden in Group 5 compared to the control group. These results were further confirmed by molecular analysis and quantification of the DNA concentration of the Toxoplasma P29 gene after treatment in all tested samples. Furthermore, the combination of propolis and WGO restored all histopathological changes in the liver and lungs. Taken together, these findings provide remarkably promising evidence of the effects of the combination of WGO and propolis against chronic toxoplasmosis in mice.

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“…Noticeably, IFN-γ sera levels were increased following the Toxoplasma infection (subgroup IIa). Our results were in accordance with Gaafar et al ., [ 10 ] and Hegazi et al ., [ 63 ] who reported that a strong cellular immune response was elicited by high IFN-γ production during acute and chronic toxoplasmosis, respectively. Although, the IFN-γ production is apparently blocked in the infected cells, rapid growth of the T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic and antioxidant potential of bionanofactory Ochrobactrum sp.-mediated magnetite and zerovalent iron nanoparticles against acute experimental toxoplasmosis

Hezema,

Eltarahony,

Abdel Salam

2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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The control of toxoplasmosis, a rampant one health disease, has been focussed on conventional antitoxoplasmic agents with their adverse outcomes, including serious side effects, treatment failure and emergence of drug resistant strains. Nanobiotechnology may provide a strong impetus for versatile alternative therapies against toxoplasmosis. Bionanofactory Ochrobactrum sp. strain CNE2 was recruited for the biosynthesis of functionalized magnetite iron nanoparticles (MNPs) and nanozerovalent iron (nZVI) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and their therapeutic efficacy was evaluated against acute toxoplasmosis in murine model. The formation of self-functionalized spherical nanoparticles varied in size, identity and surface properties were substantiated. Mice were orally administered 20 mg/kg of each formulation on the initial day of infection and continued for seven consecutive days post infection (PI). Parasitological, ultrastructural, immunological, and biochemical studies were performed for assessment of therapeutic activity of biogenic iron nanoparticles (INPs). Parasitologically, MNPs showed the highest antitoxoplasmic efficacy in terms of 96.82% and 91.87% reduction in mean tachyzoite count in peritoneal fluid and liver impression smears, respectively. Lesser percentage reductions were recorded in nZVI-treated infected subgroup (75.44% and 69.04%). In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination revealed remarkable reduction in size and extensive damage to the surface of MNPs-treated tachyzoites. MNPs-treated infected mice revealed a statistically significant increase in the serum levels of both interferon gamma (IFN-γ) to 346.2 ± 4.6 pg/ml and reduced glutathione (GSH) to 8.83 ± 0.30 mg/dl that subsequently exerted malondialdehyde (MDA) quenching action. MNPs showed a superior promising antitoxoplasmic activity with respect to both spiramycin (SPI) and nZVI. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a bio-safe oral iron nanotherapeutic agent fabricated via an eco-friendly approach that offers promising potential against acute experimental toxoplasmosis.

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In vivo -Cellular and Humoral Immune Response for Evaluation of Propolis Effect on Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Parasitological, Molecular, and Histopathological Investigation of the Potential Activity of Propolis and Wheat Germ Oil against Acute Toxoplasmosis in Mice

Parasitological, Molecular, and Histopathological Investigation of the Potential Activity of Propolis and Wheat Germ Oil against Acute Toxoplasmosis in Mice

Wheat Germ Oil and Propolis Decrease Parasite Burden and Restore Marked Histopathological Changes in Liver and Lung in Mice with Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Therapeutic and antioxidant potential of bionanofactory Ochrobactrum sp.-mediated magnetite and zerovalent iron nanoparticles against acute experimental toxoplasmosis

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