Several Campylobacter species are known to be pathogenic to humans, with Campylobacter jejuni being the main leading cause of campylobacteriosis worldwide. The present investigation aimed to detect C. jejuni from chicken, water, milk and milk products and humans among 4 Egyptian Governorates (Cairo, Fayoum, Minya and Qalubiya) using conventional method and PCR 146 C. jejuni isolates with an incidence of 6.2% were confirmed to species level by polymerase chain reaction through detection of MapA gene. high incidence of C. jejuni was recorded in chicken intestine (12.8%) followed by Chicken farms water (12%), raw chicken meat (9.6%), occupational human workers stool samples (8.4%) then raw milk (2%), Quraish cheese (1.7%) and finally it was 1.2% in yoghourt. The PCR was definitive, reliable method that facilitated rapid identification of C. jejuni to the species level. It concluded that poor hygiene and sanitation in poultry farms could explain this high level of prevalence of C. jejuni among the examined samples.

Because of its high case fatality rate, listeriosis locates among the most frequent causes of death due to food-borne illness. In this study, a total of 150 processed meat samples were collected from Giza Governorate, Egypt. Phenotypic and genotypic identification of Listeria monocytogenes was performed using PCR incorporating listeriolysin O virulence gene hlyA followed by DNA sequence analysis. L. monocytogenes was confirmed in 4% of each of beef burger, minced meat, and luncheon samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the six Egyptian isolates have high homology with Colombian isolate (EF030606), except one Egyptian isolate which showed high homology with Indian isolate (EU840690). The public health significance of these pathogens as well as recommended sanitary measures were discussed.

T oxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a pathogenic protozoan affecting humans and animals causing toxoplasmosis disease (Dubey, 2008). Infection with T. gondii may cause abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death in human (Innes, 2010) and in animals (Tenter et al., 2000). About one-third of the human populations worldwide are infected with T. gondii (McConkey et al., 2013). Barakat et al. (2018) stated that seropositive aborted women were 50.7% by ELISA

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most important foodborne gastroenteric zoonosis. Most strains of C. jejuni produce a toxin (cytolethal distending toxin) that hinders the cells from dividing and produces diffuse bloody edematous exudative enteritis. The common routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person and the eating of raw or undercooked chickens or meat. This study recognizes the incidence of zoonotic C. jejuni in under cooked chickens and meat meals along with persons in contact. We examined 640 grilled chickens and 733 fast meat meals, plus 93 of symptomatic consumers and handlers were collected from five Egyptian governorates (Fayuom, Cairo, Qaluobia, Bin-suef and Assuit) from different restaurants through culture-based methods for detection of Campylobacter motility. Also, molecular tools were used for genetic amplification by PCR using specific primers of hipO gene. Contamination with C. jejuni was recorded in 21.5% in chickens (16.6% in grill tissues and 26.2% in raw visceral organs) and 16% in fast meat meals (18.2% Offal, 15.2% Sausages, 20.4% Hamburger, 13.2% Kofta and 14.5% Shawarma), plus 19.4% in Egyptian personnel's (25.8% in handlers and 19.4% in symptomatic consumers). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed identical fingerprints of Campylobacter parvum at 344 bp, signifying the high possibilities of zoonotic hazards. Dissimilar incidence of chickens, meat and humans were verified with reference to different governorates, but Assuit recorded higher percentages sequence to hot weather. The collected documents in this study can offer a base for the progress of public health requisites for advances in food safety measures.

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