In Vivo Characterisation of Five Strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus 1 (Subgenotype 1c)

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) is strongly associated with several important diseases of cattle, such as bovine respiratory disease, diarrhoea and haemoragic lesions. To date many subgenotypes have been reported for BVDV-1, currently ranging from subgenotype 1a to subgenotype 1u. While BVDV-1 has a world-wide distribution, the subgenotypes have a more restricted geographical distribution. As an example, BVDV-1 subgenotypes 1a and 1b are frequently detected in North America and Europe, while the subgenotype 1c is rarely detected. In contrast, BVDV-1 subgenotype 1c is by far the most commonly reported in Australia. Despite this, uneven distribution of the biological importance of the subgenotypes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to characterise the in vivo properties of five strains of BVDV-1 subgenotype 1c in cattle infection studies. No overt respiratory signs were reported in any of the infected cattle regardless of strain. Consistent with other subgenotypes, transient pyrexia and leukopenia were commonly identified, while thrombocytopenia was not. The quantity of virus detected in the nasal secretions of transiently infected animals suggested the likelihood of horizontal transmission was very low. Further studies are required to fully understand the variability and importance of the BVDV-1 subgenotype 1c.

Genetic features of bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1c in newborn calves at nucleotide and synonymous codon usages

“…The previous study pointed out that BVDV-1a and BVDV-1c were mainly circulating in cattle population (yak, dairy cattle, and beef cattle) in China ( 37 ). In fact, BVDV-1c is by far the most commonly circulating in Australia, and BVDV-1c infected cattle with no overt respiratory signs commonly displayed transient pyrexia and leukopenia ( 42 ). In our study, BVDV-1c plays important roles in BVDV infection for newborn calves.…”

Characterisation of the Upper Respiratory Tract Virome of Feedlot Cattle and Its Association with Bovine Respiratory Disease

“…The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this genome sequence clusters with other BVDV-1c isolates ( Figure 4 ). The 1c genotype is the most reported genotype in the Australian cattle population [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Genotypes and Biotypes Variation of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus from Persistently Infected Dairy Cattle in Java, Indonesia

“…BVDV variability were generally analyzed using different genomic regions such as 5'UTR [33], N PRO [34], E2 [35], NS2-3 [36] and NS5B [37] and the result is not comparable to each other. Time periods for sampling also has an effect on the result of BVDV subgenotyping [28].Factor that influence the spread of the BVDV sub genotypes is unclear and do not appear to be affected by vaccine used but rather in part reflect the antigen diversity between strains [38]. According to [29], the genetic variation of the BVDV in a given geographic area has been largely influenced by animal movement within countries and/or introduction from other countries.…”