In-vivo effects of nociceptin and its structural analogue [Orn9] nociceptin on the antioxidant status of rat blood and liver after carrageenan-induced paw inflammation

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells is well balanced with their elimination by the antioxidant defence system. This balance is essential for maintenance of physiological conditions, and its disturbance (oxidative stress) has been suggested as a potential pathogenic mechanism in a variety of diseases, accompanied by inflammation. In this study, the in-vivo effects of nociceptin (N/OFQ(1–13)NH2) and its structure analogue [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 were studied on markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes and liver of rats 4 hours after subplantar administration of carrageenan (CG) (1%, 100 µl) in the right hind paw. A considerable inflammatory oedema of the paw was observed. CG did not change blood haemoglobin content, hematocrit value, glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activities in the erythrocytes, but there was an increase in lipid peroxidation. In liver, CG-induced imbalance was manifested by an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in glutathione level. Both peptides (20 µg, i.p.), when administered alone, had no effect on all parameters tested. When either [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 or N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 was injected simultaneously with CG or 15 minutes before it, they did not affect the CG-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the erythrocytes and liver. Our results suggest that the peptides tested did not play a role in the free radical processes that accompany CG-induced paw inflammation.</jats:p>

The Effect of Prickly Pear, Pumpkin, and Linseed Oils on Biological Mediators of Acute Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers

“…Previous researches revealed that carrageenan injection caused excessive production of free radical. The involvement of oxidative stress in the acute inflammatory process had been already described by several authors [ 1 , 38 – 40 ]. The tested oils', once in contact with the skin, lipophilic compounds (tocopherols, sterols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) seeped into the stratum corneum by percutaneous intercellular absorption and then joined the epidermis and the dermis [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanolic Extract ofEuphorbia retusain Mice

“…In fact, inflammation induces excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the genesis of oxidative stress, which generates oxidative imbalance [ 46 ]. Against oxidative stress condition, defense systems produce antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, and GPx [ 47 ]. In the present work, we found that the carrageenan injection generates a highly significant decrease in the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx in the untreated group at the tissue compared with the control group ( p < 0.001).…”

Effects of desipramine on the antioxidant status in rat tissues at carrageenan‐induced paw inflammation

“…Our previous studies have shown that CG decreases the total glutathione (GSH/GSSG) level and superoxide dismutase activity (Cu,Zn‐SOD) and increases the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glucose‐6‐phospate dehydrogenase (Glu‐6‐P‐DH) activities, as measured in post‐nuclear homogenate of the inflamed paw . It increases the LPO but does not change the blood haemoglobin content, haematocrit value, GSH/GSSG level and antioxidant enzyme activities in the erythrocytes; CG‐induced imbalance in liver is manifested by increased LPO and decreased GSH/GSSG level …”

“…19 It increases the LPO but does not change the blood haemoglobin content, haematocrit value, GSH/GSSG level and antioxidant enzyme activities in the erythrocytes; CG-induced imbalance in liver is manifested by increased LPO and decreased GSH/ GSSG level. 20 According to Oyanagui,13 superoxide anion radical (O 2 -) participates in the prostaglandin-phase swelling (2-4 h) of , together with peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical ( • OH) formed with its participation, are of significance for the acute inflammation and inflammatory pain. 12,15,21 Carrageenan inflammatory model also takes place in studying the effects of different antidepressant drugs.…”