In vivo measurement of blood oxygen saturation using magnetic resonance imaging: A direct validation of the blood oxygen level-dependent concept in functional brain imaging

Haacke, E. Mark; Lai, Song; Reichenbach, Jürgen R.; Kuppusamy, K.; Hoogenraad, F.; Takeichi, Hiroshige; Lin, Weili

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1997)5:5<341::aid-hbm2>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 208 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These magnetic field shifts, and hence the oxygenation level of blood, can be quantified by measuring the phase (f)of the MRI signal. For quantification of S v O 2 the vessel of interest, i.e., the sagittal sinus, is modeled as a long paramagnetic cylinder 11,12 and S v O 2 is determined as…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 However, while quantification of total brain blood flow is relatively straightforward, measurement of cerebral venous oxygen saturation (S v O 2 ), the other key component required to quantify CMRO 2 , is not. Two different approaches have emerged to address the quantification of S v O 2 , both making use of the venous blood's paramagnetism: (1) Transverse relaxationbased methods (for example, T 2 Relaxation Under Spin Tagging TRUST, 9 and Quantitative Imaging of Extraction of Oxygen and Tissue Consumption, QUIXOTIC 10 ), and (2) susceptometric techniques that quantify the blood's magnetic susceptibility, which is linearly related to deoxyhemoglobin concentration [11][12][13] (for example phase-based measurement of regional oxygen concentration, PROM 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MRI method measures venous blood oxygen saturation in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) via MRI susceptometry [11][12][13] and, simultaneously, CBF by PC MRI; the combination yields global CMRO 2 in absolute physiologic units. The optical method utilizes a portable bedside instrument to probe regional microvascular tissue oxygenation, perfusion, and metabolism in the frontal cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease Quantified by MRI and Optics

Jain

Buckley

Licht

et al. 2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

173

192

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Neonatal congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with altered cerebral hemodynamics and increased risk of brain injury. Two novel noninvasive techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffuse optical and correlation spectroscopies (diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS), diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS)), were employed to quantify cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen metabolism (CMRO 2 ) of 32 anesthetized CHD neonates at rest and during hypercapnia. Cerebral venous oxygen saturation (S v O 2 ) and CBF were measured simultaneously with MRI in the superior sagittal sinus, yielding global oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and global CMRO 2 in physiologic units. In addition, microvascular tissue oxygenation (StO 2 ) and indices of microvascular CBF (BFI) and CMRO 2 (CMRO 2i ) in the frontal cortex were determined by DOS/DCS. Median resting-state MRI-measured OEF, CBF, and CMRO 2 were 0.38, 9.7 mL/minute per 100 g and 0.52 mL O 2 /minute per 100 g, respectively. These CBF and CMRO 2 values are lower than literature reports for healthy term neonates (which are sparse and quantified using different methods) and resemble values reported for premature infants. Keywords: cerebral blood flow; cerebral hemodynamics; diffuse optics; MRI; near-infrared spectroscopy; neonatal ischemia INTRODUCTION Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects B35,000 neonates each year in the United States. These patients suffer both short-and long-term neurologic sequelae. Periventricular leukomalacia is the most common cerebral injury found in this population. This type of injury is characterized by focal necrosis in the periventricular white matter, and it is associated with pyknotic glial nuclei and reactive gliosis. 1,2 During the early stages of brain development, the oligodendrocyte (brain glial cells) precursors are metabolically very active and highly susceptible to injury from reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery. Hence, hypoxiaischemia has been implicated as a major cause of this injury in CHD neonates.Periventricular leukomalacia leads to impaired myelination and has been linked to worse neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants and postulated to cause (at least in part) the impaired cognition and cerebral palsy commonly seen in this cohort of infants with CHD. 3,4 Quantification of the hemodynamic and metabolic state of these neonates via measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO 2 ) should provide valuable information toward understanding the interaction between cardiac pathophysiology and subsequent cerebral health. Potentially, such new knowledge could help predict and prevent adverse outcomes.

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Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease Quantified by MRI and Optics

Jain

Buckley

Licht

et al. 2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

173

192

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“…Yet, in voxels embedded in vascular compartments, and , where act indicates "on activation", rest indicates "on rest", is the susceptibility difference between fully oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and Hct is the fractional hematocrit in the vein. The latter relation was used for the estimation of functional oxygenation changes in large veins of the visual cortex and in pial veins of the motor cortex in humans (Haacke et al, 1997;Haacke et al, 1995;Hoogenraad et al, 1998). The 2013 study was performed at 2.5 mm isotropic resolution, and involved removal of non-local phase effects.…”

Section: Potentials and Pitfallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM)

et al. 2014

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Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful technique, typically based on the statistical analysis of the magnitude component of the complex time-series. Here, we additionally interrogated the phase data of the fMRI time-series and used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in order to investigate the potential of functional QSM (fQSM) relative to standard magnitude BOLD fMRI. High spatial resolution data (1 mm isotropic) were acquired every 3 seconds using zoomed multi-slice gradient-echo EPI collected at 7 T in single orientation (SO) and multiple orientation (MO) experiments, the latter involving 4 repetitions with the subject's head rotated relative to B0. Statistical parametric maps (SPM) were reconstructed for magnitude, phase and QSM time-series and each was subjected to detailed analysis. Several fQSM pipelines were evaluated and compared based on the relative number of voxels that were coincidentally found to be significant in QSM and magnitude SPMs (common voxels). We found that sensitivity and spatial reliability of fQSM relative to the magnitude data depended strongly on the arbitrary significance threshold defining "activated" voxels in SPMs, and on the efficiency of spatiotemporal filtering of the phase time-series. Sensitivity and spatial reliability depended slightly on whether MO or SO fQSM was performed and on the QSM calculation approach used for SO data. Our results present the potential of fQSM as a quantitative method of mapping BOLD changes. We also critically discuss the technical challenges and issues linked to this intriguing new technique. seconds using zoomed multi-slice gradient-echo EPI collected at 7 T in single orientation (SO) and multiple orientation (MO) experiments, the latter involving 4 repetitions with the subject's head rotated relative to B 0 . Statistical parametric maps (SPM) were reconstructed for magnitude, phase and QSM timeseries and each was subjected to detailed analysis. Several fQSM pipelines were evaluated and compared based on the relative number of voxels that were coincidentally found to be significant in QSM and magnitude SPMs (common voxels). We found that sensitivity and spatial reliability of fQSM relative to the magnitude data depended strongly on the arbitrary significance threshold defining "activated" voxels in SPMs, and on the efficiency of spatio-temporal filtering of the phase time-series. Sensitivity and spatial reliability depended slightly on whether MO or SO fQSM was performed and on the QSM calculation approach used for SO data.

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“…Unlike R 2 and R Ã 2 , the relationship between [dH] and tissue susceptibility is linear in its concentration and independent of imaging parameters (11)(12)(13). Hence, QSM can be used to quantify oxygenation in large veins (14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and in tissue (19,20). The [dH] in tissue can be determined from QSM by compensating for contribution from non-heme iron, such as those stored in ferritin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative susceptibility mapping‐based cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen mapping with minimum local variance

Zhang

Cho

Zhou

et al. 2017

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) mapping method based on its minimum local variance (MLV) without vascular challenge using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Methods: Three-dimensional multi-echo gradient echo imaging and arterial spin labeling were performed in 11 healthy subjects to calculate QSM and CBF. Minimum local variance was used to compute whole-brain CMRO 2 map from QSM and CBF. The MLV method was compared with a reference method using the caffeine challenge. Their agreement within the cortical gray matter (CGM) was assessed on CMRO 2 and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) maps at both baseline and challenge states. Results: Mean CMRO 2 (in mmol/100 g/min) obtained in CGM using the caffeine challenge and MLV were 142 6 16.5 and 139 6 14.8 mmol/100 g/min, respectively; the corresponding baseline OEF were 33.0 6 4.0% and 31.8 6 3.2%, respectively. The MLV and caffeine challenge methods showed no statistically significant differences across subjects with small ( < 4%) biases in CMRO 2 and OEF values. Conclusions: Minimum local variance-based CMRO 2 mapping without vascular challenge using QSM and arterial spin labeling is feasible in healthy subjects. Magn Reson Med 79:172-179,

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In vivo measurement of blood oxygen saturation using magnetic resonance imaging: A direct validation of the blood oxygen level-dependent concept in functional brain imaging

Cited by 208 publications

References 23 publications

Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease Quantified by MRI and Optics

Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease Quantified by MRI and Optics

Functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM)

Quantitative susceptibility mapping‐based cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen mapping with minimum local variance

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