In vivo metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in Octopus vulgaris hatchlings determined by incubation with 14C-labelled fatty acids added directly to seawater as protein complexes

Abstract

25The high mortalities observed during Octopus vulgaris paralarvae culture have been 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6 (ARA), 20:5n-3 (EPA) or 22:6n-3 (DHA), which were added 33 directly to the seawater as their potassium salts bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA). 34A control treatment without [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 3 50 Introduction 51The common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) is a cephalopod species that has been 52 suggested as a candidate for large scale culture (Vaz-Pires et al., 2004), not only due to 53 its high nutritional value and demand in several countries, but also due to biological 54 characteristics such as short life cycle, rapid growth, high fecundity rate, easy 55 adaptability to rearing conditions, high food conversion rates and acceptance of non-56 living natural foods during the juvenile and adult stages (Estefanell et al., 2011; Iglesias 57 et al., 2007; Vaz-Pires et al., 2004). 58Currently this species is being cultured in NW Spain by ongrowing wild-captured sub-59 adults in land-based tanks or sea cages until they reach 2-3 Kg (Iglesias et al., 2007). Iglesias et al., 2007; Moxica et al., 2002; Viciano et al., 2011; Villanueva and Norman, 73 2008). A recent study was able to determine a predominance of crustacean zoeae in wild 74O. vulgaris paralarvae diet (Roura et al., 2012 Miliou et al., 2006; Navarro and Villanueva 2003; Okumura et al., 2005). 81Among those, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and particularly 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 8 220 ± 1.5 %) and phosphatidylcholine (PC, 19.6 ± 0.6 %) as the main PL classes (Table 1). 221Cholesterol was the most abundant lipid class of octopus hatchlings, corresponding to 222 30.1 ± 2.9 %, and TAG and sterol esters (SE) accounted for 1.2 ± 0.4 and 2.1 ± 0.8 % of 223 TL, respectively (Table 1). 224The O. vulgaris hatchlings were particularly rich in the n-3 LC-PUFA, DHA and EPA, might be related to the energy-generating FA oxidation systems (Sargent et al., 1989). 321In marine fish larvae, NL and more specifically TAG are presumably used to satisfy 64 65 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 11 322 energy demands (Rainuzzo et al., 1997, Sargent et al., 1989, with SFA and MUFA 323 being the main substrates. In contrast, LC-PUFA are preferentially esterified into PL, 324revealing their important structural role in cell membranes (Sargent et al., 1989). FA was suggested (García-Garrid...

Investigating the essential fatty acids in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): Molecular cloning and functional characterisation of fatty acyl desaturase and elongase

“…Molluscs have been regarded as having active FA elongation pathways and studies in O. vulgaris have shown that this is also the case in cephalopods (Monroig et al, 2012b;Reis et al, 2014). Indeed, the present data clearly showed that the cuttlefish Elovl had the ability to elongate C18 and C20 PUFA substrates, but showed no activity towards…”

“…The phylogenetic and sequence analyses, as well as the functional characterisation hatchlings (Reis et al, 2014). While current data suggest that ∆6 desaturase appear not to exist in cephalopods and putative ∆8 desaturase have not been yet confirmed, we postulate that EPA and ARA are indeed EFA for cephalopods including S. officinalis.…”

Relationships between spawn quality and biochemical composition of eggs and hatchlings of Octopus vulgaris under different parental diets

“…High levels of this FA has been also found in previous studies in O. vulgaris (Navarro and Villanueva, 2003;Reis et al, 2014), so that further studies are necessary to figure out the reason for its conservation.…”

“…Since protein is the main corporal component of the cephalopods and it has a vigorous amino acid metabolism (Lee, 1994;Villanueva and Norman, 2008) there is a large amino acid requirement for maintaining optimal growth and supplying energy. In addition, from their lipid composition and that of their natural prey, it can be deduced that early stages of cephalopod must require a food rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (Monroig et al, 2012a,b;Navarro and Villanueva, 2000;Reis et al, 2014).…”

Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Octopus vulgaris: Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterisation of a Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase and an Elongation of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid 4 Protein

“…Previous investigations on O. vulgaris [6,10,33] and S. officinalis [20] revealed that cephalopods possess active desaturase and elongase enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PUFAs including NMI FAs. Using the common octopus O. vulgaris as model species, the present study aimed to expand our knowledge of roles that further desaturases and elongases could have on PUFA biosynthesis in cephalopods.…”