In vivo quantification of intracerebral GABA by single-voxel 1H-MRS—How reproducible are the results?

Bogner, Wolfgang; Gruber, Stephan; Doelken, Marc; Stadlbauer, Andreas; Ganslandt, Oliver; Boettcher, U.; Trattnig, S.; Doerfler, Arnd; Stefan, Hermann; Hammen, T.

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.01.014

Cited by 114 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Second, GABA levels in this study were normalized to creatine with the assumption that creatine levels were similar across all subjects, which may not necessarily be the case. This decision, however, was motivated by a recent study of intra-and inter-subject reproducibility of GABA quantification results using a variety of postprocessing procedures and referencing methods (Bogner et al, 2010). The conclusion of that study was that GABA normalized by creatine tended to show the best reproducibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Baseline GABA concentration and fMRI response

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Baseline GABA concentration and fMRI response

et al. 2010

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“…Repeatability studies that measure GABA over time44, 45, 46, 47 report lower fluctuations in GABA per participant with a CV of 4‐12% (mean CV, for GABA plus macromolecules referenced to either water or creatine at 3 T). However, these studies use a MEGA‐PRESS sequence, without macromolecular suppression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing sensitivity for fast GABA edited spectroscopy in the visual cortex at 7 T

et al. 2018

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The combination of functional MRI (fMRI) and MRS is a promising approach to relate BOLD imaging to neuronal metabolism, especially at high field strength. However, typical scan times for GABA edited spectroscopy are of the order of 6‐30 min, which is long compared with functional changes observed with fMRI.The aim of this study is to reduce scan time and increase GABA sensitivity for edited spectroscopy in the human visual cortex, by enlarging the volume of activated tissue in the primary visual cortex. A dedicated setup at 7 T for combined fMRI and GABA MRS is developed. This setup consists of a half volume multi‐transmit coil with a large screen for visual cortex activation, two high density receive arrays and an optimized single‐voxel MEGA‐sLASER sequence with macromolecular suppression for signal acquisition.The coil setup performance as well as the GABA measurement speed, SNR, and stability were evaluated. A 2.2‐fold gain of the average SNR for GABA detection was obtained, as compared with a conventional 7 T setup. This was achieved by increasing the viewing angle of the participant with respect to the visual stimulus, thereby activating almost the entire primary visual cortex, allowing larger spectroscopy measurement volumes and resulting in an improved GABA SNR. Fewer than 16 signal averages, lasting 1 min 23 s in total, were needed for the GABA fit method to become stable, as demonstrated in three participants. The stability of the measurement setup was sufficient to detect GABA with an accuracy of 5%, as determined with a GABA phantom. In vivo, larger variations in GABA concentration are found: 14‐25%. Overall, the results bring functional GABA detections at a temporal resolution closer to the physiological time scale of BOLD cortex activation.

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“…Of note, these results are expressed on the basis of the tCr level, i.e. a neuronal marker of energetic metabolism whose levels are typically stable in normal conditions (Christiansen et al, 1993;Bogner et al, 2009). TCr has been widely used as an internal reference in 1 H-MRS studies (Gao et al, 2013;Delli Pizzi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tCr was used as an internal standard reference based on its stable levels reported in normal conditions (Bogner et al, 2009). …”

Section: H-mrs Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

GABA content within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to trait anxiety

Pizzi

Padulo

Brancucci

et al. 2015

Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci

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The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a key role in emotion processing and regulation. vmPFC dysfunction may lead to disinhibition of amygdala causing high anxiety levels. c-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) inter-neurons within vmPFC shape the information flow to amygdala. Thus, we hypothesize that GABA content within vmPFC could be relevant to trait anxiety. Forty-three healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 88 years were assessed for trait anxiety with the Subscale-2 of the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y2) and were studied with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate GABA and Glx (glutamateþglutamine) contents within vmPFC. Total creatine (tCr) was used as internal reference. Partial correlations assessed the association between metabolite levels and STAI-Y2 scores, removing the effect of possible nuisance factors including age, educational level, volumes of gray matter and white matter within magnetic resonance spectroscopy voxel. We observed a positive relationship between GABA/tCr and STAI-Y2 scores. No significant relationships were found between Glx/tCr and STAI-Y2 and between tCr/water and STAI-Y2. No differences were found between males and females as regards to age, STAI-Y2, GABA/tCr, Glx/tCr, tCr/water, gray matter and white matter volumes. We suggest a close relationship between GABA content within vmPFC and trait anxiety providing new insights in the physiology of emotional brain.

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In vivo quantification of intracerebral GABA by single-voxel 1H-MRS—How reproducible are the results?

Cited by 114 publications

References 19 publications

Baseline GABA concentration and fMRI response

Baseline GABA concentration and fMRI response

Maximizing sensitivity for fast GABA edited spectroscopy in the visual cortex at 7 T

GABA content within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to trait anxiety

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