In Vivo Release Kinetics and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Polyphenols-Enriched Chewing Gums

Abstract

Chewing gums may be particularly effective means for delivering and maintaining bioactive molecules, included in the gum formulation, able to have an anti-cariogenic effect. The purposes of this study were: to develop novel chewing gums containing quercetin (Qt); to evaluate their release using in vivo trial; finally, to test their in vivo antibacterial effect against oral Streptococcus mutans strains. A preliminary study was performed to produce new gums, enriched with the polyphenol quercetin. Then, a first in vivo experimental study was assessed to test the percentages of Qt released in the saliva of young volunteers. Moreover, a second clinical trial was performed to analyze the antibacterial capability of these enriched chewing gums against S. mutans strains after 14 days of daily consumption. The release analysis showed that a more effective release of Qt occurs in the first minutes of chewing, and it does not change saliva pH values. Moreover, Qt included in gums demonstrates an effective antibacterial activity, showing a reduction of the concentration of S. mutans strains in saliva samples, especially after 7 days. Qt included in experimental chewing gums could be efficiently released into the oral cavity and could promote an effective anti-caries concentration in volunteer's saliva, without changing salivary pH values.

Investigating release kinetics of phenolics from defatted wheat germ incorporated chewing gums

“…In various enrichment studies conducted by adding different bioactive components to the chewing gum, determination of the releasing time and rate of these substances is very important. Such studies are performed in vivo by individual chewing assays or in vitro by complex devices which mimic chewing action . However, a number of restrictions such as expensive apparatus requirement and gum fragmentation during the analysis limit the studies on this subject.…”

“…Such studies are performed in vivo by individual chewing assays or in vitro by complex devices which mimic chewing action. [17][18][19] However, a number of restrictions such as expensive apparatus requirement and gum fragmentation during the analysis limit the studies on this subject. Therefore, it is believed that development of new methods and techniques that can simplify analysis procedure is very important in vitro releasing assays.…”

Manufacturing of Medicate Chewing Gum Against Oral Pathogens by the Extract of Seeds of Lepidium sativum L.

“…In recent years, research is developing new methods of dental disease prevention, releasing natural bioactive compounds included in traditional or innovative medical devices in the mouth to improve tooth protection. Chewing gums is a particularly useful means for delivering and maintaining bioactive compounds, included in the gum formulation able to have an anti-cariogenic effect [11] Gum advantages over the other delivery methods include no needing to water or liquids to eat, increasing the systemic effects, low dose administration, faster onset of action and good stability relieving of dry mouth strengthening the mastication muscles and prevention of dental caries [12]. In the present study apply different concentrations from the SLS extracts in the manufacturing of medicating gum to protect teeth from the effect of the bacteria and thus prevent teeth decay.…”

New Frontiers on the Metabolism, Bioavailability and Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds

“…By using a rat model, Ma et al [ 8 ] studied the tissue distribution and urinary excretion of gallic acid and protocatechuic acid after the intake of an aqueous extract of Polygonum capitatum , also identifying some methyl-conjugated metabolites in urine. Ferrazzano et al [ 9 ] designed a chewing gum containing quercetin and evaluated its bioaccessibility in human saliva. They also assessed the antibacterial activity of the quercetin-enriched chewing gum against oral Streptococcus mutans after 14 days of daily consumption [ 9 ].…”

“…Ferrazzano et al [ 9 ] designed a chewing gum containing quercetin and evaluated its bioaccessibility in human saliva. They also assessed the antibacterial activity of the quercetin-enriched chewing gum against oral Streptococcus mutans after 14 days of daily consumption [ 9 ].…”