In vivo transcription of bovine leukemia virus and bovine immunodeficiency-like virus

Wu, Donglai; Murakami, Kenji; Morooka, Akira; Jin, Hong; Inoshima, Yasuo; Sentsui, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/s0168-1702(03)00222-3

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Furthermore, we showed that BLV appears to infect both CD8 + T cells and CD5 - IgM + B cells to a greater extent than was reported in a previous study [5]. The current data support the studies by Williams et al [20], Stott et al [4], and Wu et al [21] which reported that some T cells can be infected by BLV. However, in contrast to our results showing that CD4 + T cells are the second most common target for BLV infection in cattle, Schwartz et al [6] reported that, although B cells, CD8 + T cells, monocytes, and granulocytes were infected by BLV, CD4 + T cells were not.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, because Mirsky et al [5], fractionated B cells into the CD5 + IgM + B cells and CD5 - IgM + B cell subpopulations, but did not fractionate CD2 + T cells into the CD4 + and CD8 + T cell subpopulations. In contrast, Wu et al [21] isolated the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations, but did not fractionate B cells into the CD5 + IgM + B cells and CD5 - IgM + B cell subpopulations. It remains to be clarified the variations of the BLV proviral load among CD5 + IgM + B cells, CD5 - IgM + B cells, CD4 + T cells, and CD8 + T cells in the same experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load harbored by lymphocyte subpopulations in BLV-infected cattle at the subclinical stage of enzootic bovine leucosis using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR

et al. 2013

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BackgroundBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is associated with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. BLV infection may remain clinically silent at the aleukemic (AL) stage, cause persistent lymphocytosis (PL), or, more rarely, B cell lymphoma. BLV has been identified in B cells, CD2+ T cells, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, γ/δ T cells, monocytes, and granulocytes in infected cattle that do not have tumors, although the most consistently infected cell is the CD5+ B cell. The mechanism by which BLV causes uncontrolled CD5+ B cell proliferation is unknown. Recently, we developed a new quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR, which enabled us to demonstrate that the proviral load correlates not only with BLV infection, as assessed by syncytium formation, but also with BLV disease progression. The present study reports the distribution of BLV provirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations isolated from BLV-infected cows at the subclinical stage of EBL as examined by cell sorting and BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR.ResultsPhenotypic characterization of five BLV-infected but clinically normal cattle with a proviral load of > 100 copies per 1 × 105 cells identified a high percentage of CD5+ IgM+ cells (but not CD5- IgM+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, or CD8+T cells). These lymphocyte subpopulations were purified from three out of five cattle by cell sorting or using magnetic beads, and the BLV proviral load was estimated using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR. The CD5+ IgM+ B cell population in all animals harbored a higher BLV proviral load than the other cell populations. The copy number of proviruses infecting CD5- IgM+ B cells, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ T cells (per 1 ml of blood) was 1/34 to 1/4, 1/22 to 1/3, and 1/31 to 1/3, respectively, compared with that in CD5+ IgM+ B cells. Moreover, the BLV provirus remained integrated into the genomic DNA of CD5+ IgM+ B cells, CD5- IgM+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells, even in BLV-infected cattle with a proviral load of <100 copies per 105 cells.ConclusionsThe results of the recent study showed that, although CD5+ IgM+ B cells were the main cell type targeted in BLV-infected but clinically normal cattle, CD5- IgM+ B cells, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ T cells were infected to a greater extent than previously thought.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load harbored by lymphocyte subpopulations in BLV-infected cattle at the subclinical stage of enzootic bovine leucosis using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR

et al. 2013

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“…BLV proviral DNA was detected by nested PCR [18] and quantified via real-time PCR [19] using FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master (ROX) (Roche). To determine proviral loads, a fragment of the pol gene [19] was amplified using 50 ng of DNA as a template.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of perinatal bovine leukemia virus infection

et al. 2014

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BackgroundBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is highly endemic in many countries, including Argentina. As prevention of the spread from infected animals is of primary importance in breaking the cycle of BLV transmission, it is important to know the pathophysiology of BLV infection in young animals, as they are the main source of animal movement. In this work, we determined the proviral load and antibody titers of infected newborn calves from birth to first parturition (36 months).ResultsAll calves under study were born to infected dams with high proviral load (PVL) in blood and high antibody titers and detectable provirus in the colostrum. The PVL for five out of seven calves was low at birth. All animals reached PVLs of more than 1% infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), three at 3 months, one at 6 months, and one at 12 months. High PVLs persisted until the end of the study, and, in two animals, exceeded one BLV copy per cell. Two other calves maintained a high PVL from birth until the end of the study. Antibody titers were 32 or higher in the first sample from six out of seven calves. These decayed at 3–6 months to 16 or lower, and then increased again after this point.ConclusionsCalves infected during the first week of life could play an active role in early propagation of BLV to susceptible animals, since their PVL raised up during the first 12 months and persist as high for years. Early elimination could help to prevent transmission to young susceptible animals and to their own offspring. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the kinetics of BLV proviral load and antibody titers in newborn infected calves.

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“…In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from naturally infected animals, BIV has been shown to infect and transcribe its genome in different subsets of cells-CD3?, CD4?, CD8? and cd-T cells, B cells and monocytes [93,94]. BIV is pathologically more related to lentiviruses that cause chronic inflammatory diseases (CAEV and EIAV) as compared to those that cause severe immunodeficiency (HIV, FIV and SIV).…”

Section: Like Other Lentiviruses Biv Infect Cells Of the Immune Systmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine immunodeficiency virus: a lentiviral infection

2013

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In vivo transcription of bovine leukemia virus and bovine immunodeficiency-like virus

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

Estimation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load harbored by lymphocyte subpopulations in BLV-infected cattle at the subclinical stage of enzootic bovine leucosis using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR

Estimation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load harbored by lymphocyte subpopulations in BLV-infected cattle at the subclinical stage of enzootic bovine leucosis using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR

Dynamics of perinatal bovine leukemia virus infection

Bovine immunodeficiency virus: a lentiviral infection

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