Inactivation by gamma irradiation of animal viruses in simulated laboratory effluent

Abstract

Several animal viruses were treated with gamma radiation from a 'Co source under conditions which might be found in effluent from an animal disease laboratory. Swine vesicular disease virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and bluetongue virus were irradiated in tissues from experimentally infected animals. Pseudorabies virus, fowl plague virus, swine vesicular disease virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus were irradiated in liquid animal feces. All were tested in animals and in vitro. The D1o values, that is, the doses required to reduce infectivity by 1 logl0, were not apparently different from those expected from predictions based on other data and theoretical considerations. The existence of the viruses in pieces of tissue or in liquid feces made no difference in the efficacy of the gamma radiation for inactivating them. Under the "worst case" conditions (most protective for virus) simulated in this study, no infectious agents would survive 4.0 Mrads.

Combined Treatments of Heat, Irradiation, and pH Effects on Infectivity of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Virus in Bovine Tissues

“…Different studies on the effect of ionizing energy, reported that more than 2.0 Mrad and in some cases up to 3.0 Mrads were needed to inactivate certain viruses in muscle tissue (Thomas et al, 1982). There is little information on the effect of ionizing energy on FMDV.…”

Effects of Pelleting, Irradiation, and Autoclaving of Rodent Feed on MPV and MNV Infectivity

“…11,14 For these viruses, the irradiation process directly damages genetic material or indirectly reacts with nucleic acid through the production of free radicals generated when rays strike water molecules, thus resulting in single-or double strand breaks, cross-linkage breaks or nucleotide degradation. 14,48 In addition, γ-irradiation may damage virion structure, the capsid, and viral proteins, thus affecting infectivity. 11,14 Regarding other microorganisms, irradiation decreases the number of infectious viral particles as the dose of γ-irradiation increases.…”

Radiation Treatment of Skim Serum Wastewater From Natural Rubber Latex Centrifuging Units

“…Radiation combined with biological processes has been used in the treatment of wastewater originating from production of antibiotics and metallurgy where large quantities of detergents and fats are used in the production process (White, 1978). Investigations on the effect of gamma radiation on poliovirus infectivity seeded in sludge samples, elimination of the endocrine-disrupting activity of 17 beta-estradiol, reduction in the population of coliphage, total coliforms and total flora present in raw sewage and secondary effluent, comparison of the toxicity responses of irradiated wastewater effluent samples to chlorinated municipal wastewater effluent samples, and treatment of several animal viruses found in effluent from an animal disease laboratory have been reported (Kimura et al, 2004, Farooq et al, 1993, Getoff, 1996, John & Blatchley, 1999, Thomas et al, 1982. Gamma rays are used for the treatment of sewage (Jung et al, 2002, 2004, Meeroff et al, 2004, pulp mill bleach effluents (Wang et al, 1994), surfactant and petroleum product wastewater, dyeing complex wastewater and paper mill effluents (Pikaey, 2001) and for the disinfection of wastewater (Basfar & Rehim, 2002).…”