“…Therefore, methodologies need to be developed to eliminate ARGs from the wastewater to prevent the rapid growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). A ternary nanocomposite system prepared by Saha et al was successful in inactivating the commercially available plasmids pUC18 and pBR322 containing the ampicillin resistance gene (amp R ) ( Saha et al, 2020 ). The synthesis of ternary nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), iron oxide and g-C 3 N 4 was carried out by in-situ mixing of all the precursor chemicals.…”
Section: Various Fe-based Materials Related To the Fenton Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…and are summarised in Fig. 9 (Adapted from reference( Saha et al, 2020 )) Fig. 9 A schematic representation of all the possible pathways that lead to the fragmentation of plasmids by the ternary nanocomposite system of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), iron oxide and g-C 3 N 4 .…”
Section: Various Fe-based Materials Related To the Fenton Processmentioning
Heterogeneous Fenton catalysts are emerging as excellent systems for applications related to water purification. In this review, recent trends in the synthesis and application of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for the abatement of organic pollutants and disinfection of microorganisms are discussed. It is noted that as the complexity of cell wall increases, the resistance level towards various disinfectants increases and it requires either harsh conditions or longer exposure time for the complete disinfection. In case of viruses, enveloped viruses (
e.g.
SARS-CoV-2) are found to be more susceptible to disinfectants than the non-enveloped viruses. The introduction of plasmonic systems with the Fenton catalysts broaden the visible light absorption efficiency of the hybrid material, and incorporation of semiconductor material improves the rate of regeneration of Fe(II) from Fe(III). A special emphasis is given to the use of Fenton catalysts for antibacterial applications. Composite materials of magnetite and ferrites remain a champion in this area because of their easy separation and reuse, owing to their magnetic properties. Iron minerals supported on clay materials, perovskites, carbon materials, zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) dramatically increase the catalytic degradation rate of contaminants by providing high surface area, good mechanical stability, and improved electron transfer. Moreover, insights to the zero-valent iron and its capacity to remove a wide range of organic pollutants, heavy metals and bacterial contamination are also discussed. Real world applications and the role of natural organic matter are summarised. Parameter optimisation (e.g. light source, dosage of catalyst, concentration of H
2
O
2
etc.
), sustainable models for the reusability or recyclability of the catalyst and the theoretical understanding and mechanistic aspects of the photo-Fenton process are also explained. Additionally, this review summarises the opportunities and future directions of research in the heterogeneous Fenton catalysis.
“…Therefore, methodologies need to be developed to eliminate ARGs from the wastewater to prevent the rapid growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). A ternary nanocomposite system prepared by Saha et al was successful in inactivating the commercially available plasmids pUC18 and pBR322 containing the ampicillin resistance gene (amp R ) ( Saha et al, 2020 ). The synthesis of ternary nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), iron oxide and g-C 3 N 4 was carried out by in-situ mixing of all the precursor chemicals.…”
Section: Various Fe-based Materials Related To the Fenton Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…and are summarised in Fig. 9 (Adapted from reference( Saha et al, 2020 )) Fig. 9 A schematic representation of all the possible pathways that lead to the fragmentation of plasmids by the ternary nanocomposite system of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), iron oxide and g-C 3 N 4 .…”
Section: Various Fe-based Materials Related To the Fenton Processmentioning
Heterogeneous Fenton catalysts are emerging as excellent systems for applications related to water purification. In this review, recent trends in the synthesis and application of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for the abatement of organic pollutants and disinfection of microorganisms are discussed. It is noted that as the complexity of cell wall increases, the resistance level towards various disinfectants increases and it requires either harsh conditions or longer exposure time for the complete disinfection. In case of viruses, enveloped viruses (
e.g.
SARS-CoV-2) are found to be more susceptible to disinfectants than the non-enveloped viruses. The introduction of plasmonic systems with the Fenton catalysts broaden the visible light absorption efficiency of the hybrid material, and incorporation of semiconductor material improves the rate of regeneration of Fe(II) from Fe(III). A special emphasis is given to the use of Fenton catalysts for antibacterial applications. Composite materials of magnetite and ferrites remain a champion in this area because of their easy separation and reuse, owing to their magnetic properties. Iron minerals supported on clay materials, perovskites, carbon materials, zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) dramatically increase the catalytic degradation rate of contaminants by providing high surface area, good mechanical stability, and improved electron transfer. Moreover, insights to the zero-valent iron and its capacity to remove a wide range of organic pollutants, heavy metals and bacterial contamination are also discussed. Real world applications and the role of natural organic matter are summarised. Parameter optimisation (e.g. light source, dosage of catalyst, concentration of H
2
O
2
etc.
), sustainable models for the reusability or recyclability of the catalyst and the theoretical understanding and mechanistic aspects of the photo-Fenton process are also explained. Additionally, this review summarises the opportunities and future directions of research in the heterogeneous Fenton catalysis.
“…Under LED light irradiation, Fe-CN-3/ H 2 O 2 completely removed dicamba within 3 h. Furthermore, conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can be introduced to the iron oxide/CN heterostructure to benefit additional electron flow from CB of CN to rGO, thus further retarding recombination of electron-hole pairs. [128] WO 3 with a bandgap of 2.6 -2.9 eV is also suitable to construct type-II heterojunction with CN. [203,204] For example, Fe (II) or Fe (III)-doped CN/WO 3 composites were synthesized, showing an enhanced photoactivity toward visible-light-driven PNP degradation (Figure 15a,b).…”
Among various advanced oxidation processes, coupled photocatalysis and heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysis (known as photo-Fenton-like catalysis) to generate highly reactive species for environmental remediation has attracted wide interests. As an emerging metal-free photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 , CN) has been recently recognized as a promising candidate to catalyze robustly heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like reactions for wastewater remediation. This review summarizes recent progress in fabricating various types of CN-based catalysts for the photo-Fenton-like reaction process. Innovative engineering strategies on the CN matrix are outlined, ranging from morphology control, defect engineering, nonmetal atom doping, organic molecule doping to modification by metal-containing species. The photo-Fenton-like catalytic activities of CN loaded with auxiliary sub-nanoscale (e.g., quantum dots, organometallic molecules, metal cations, and single atom metals) and nanoscale metal-based materials are critically evaluated. Hybridization of CN with bandgap-matching semiconductors for the construction of type-II and Z-scheme heterojunctions are also examined. The critical factors (e.g., morphology, dimensionality, light absorption, charge excitation/migration, catalytic sites, H 2 O 2 generation and activation) that determine the performance of CN-based photocatalysts in Fenton-like catalysis are systematically discussed. After examining the structure-activity relationship, research perspectives are proposed for further development of CN-based photocatalysts toward more efficient photo-Fenton-like reactions and their application in practical water treatment.
“…Reproduced with permission. [ 233 ] Copyright 2020, Elsevier Inc. c) SEM image of the Bi 2 MoO 6 /Ag/AgCl heterojunction (left) and the schematic of the photocatalytic ROS generation for E. coli disinfection (right). Reproduced with permission.…”
Section: Ros‐induced Bacteria Inactivation Over 2d Semiconductorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Saha et al reported the H 2 O 2 ‐assistant photocatalytic inactivation of antibiotic resistance genes by a g‐C 3 N 4 /rGO/Fe x O heterojunction (Figure 12b). [ 233 ] The promoted inactivation can be attributed to multifactors, including the rapid electron transfer to rGO and iron oxide leaving holes to oxidize water, for H 2 O 2 decomposition, and photo‐Fenton reaction in the presence of H 2 O 2 and iron ions. These factors jointly caused additional hydroxyl ions for gene deactivation.…”
Section: Ros‐induced Bacteria Inactivation Over 2d Semiconductorsmentioning
Solar‐driven photocatalysis has been developing as a sustainable process and it holds appreciable promise to address the pollutants and risks posed by biohazards. The unique geometrical and electric features of 2D semiconductors have nurtured a variety of advanced photocatalytic bactericides where oxidative oxygen species are generated as the main disinfection reagents. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art progress of solar‐driven photocatalytic disinfection based on 2D semiconductors with an emphasis on the generation and effects of various reactive oxygen species is summarized. Moreover, the immobility of the photocatalyst for practical applications is discussed. Finally, perspectives and challenges are presented to guide future research on photocatalytic disinfection.
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