Inactivation of cadmium induced immunotoxicological alterations in rats by Tunisian montmorillonite clay

Inhibition of cadmium- induced genotoxicity and histopathological changes in Nile tilapia fish by Egyptian and Tunisian montmorillonite clay

“…These results agree with those reported by Phillips et al (1995) that montmorillonite effectively sequesters different contaminants. Abbès et al (2007a) indicated that TEM has a good ability to absorb heavy metals and protect mice against immunotoxicological effect of cation.…”

Bentonite protects neural crest stem cells from death caused by aflatoxin B1

“…For those reasons, several measures have been taken to minimize the effect of mycotoxins, such as the use of adsorbents like bentonite in feed or drugs (Rosa et al, 2001;Pasha et al, 2007;Devreese et al, 2013). This compound has been shown to protect cells from several kinds of damage (Kannewischer et al, 2006;Abbès et al, 2008Abbès et al, , 2007Dakovic et al, 2008;Dixon et al, 2008;Jaynes and Zartman, 2011). However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of bentonite on NC cell survival have not been thoroughly researched.…”

Tunisian radish (Raphanus sativus) extract prevents cadmium-induced immunotoxic and biochemical alterations in rats

“…The LD 50 of CdCl 2 when given orally to rodents was reported as 33-88 mg/kg BW (USAF, 1990); thus, the dose of Cd used here was well below one that would induce significant overt toxicities to the hosts. Only the single dose of 2.5 mg CdCl 2 /kg was used in these studies; apart from the LD 50 factor, this dose was selected based on earlier findings from our laboratories (see Abbès et al, 2007). Body weights of rats in each group were measured every other day to allow for adjustment of dose preparation; all rats never received a gavage volume greater than 200 ml in the course of the exposures.…”

“…As Cd is a known carcinogen (Banerjee & Flores-Rozas, 2005), teratogen (Hovland et al, 2000), nephrotoxin (Cai et al, 2001), hepatotoxin (Horiguchi et al, 2000), genotoxin, and immunotoxin, it is thus unsurprising that excessive acute/continuous low-mid-level exposures to Cd results in an increased incidence of diseases and deaths (Othumpangat et al, 2005). Various mechanisms have been suggested to explain Cd-induced toxicities; these include an indirect increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species that, in turn, give rise to increased lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, DNA damage, altered gene expression, and, in some cases, increased induction of apoptosis (Abbès et al, 2007;Stohs et al, 2001). …”

“…Toxic effects of Cd have also been demonstrated on the immune system (Abbès et al, 2007;Waalkes et al, 1999). Effects of Cd on immune system organs and on immune cells, as well as on specific and non-specific immune responses, indicate an impact that could lead to significant decreases in host resistance.…”