Inactivation of enteroviruses, rotaviruses and bacteriophages by peracetic acid in a municipal sewage effluent

Abstract

The virucidal efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA) was evaluated against poliovirus 1, echovirus 1, coxsackievirus B5, human rotavirus, simian rotavirus SA11 and bacteriophage f2 in a municipal sewage effluent. The results indicated relatively high concentrations of acid were required to achieve significant inactivation. Human rotavirus, which was the most resistant, required 140 ppm to achieve 99.99% inactivation. On the other hand, simian rotavirus SAll, which was the most sensitive, required only 20 ppm to achieve the same degree of inactivation. The three enteroviruses reacted similarly and the bacteriophage was slightly less resistant than the enteroviruses, especially at high concentrations of peracetic acid. The effluent did not exert a demand for peracetic acid. Temperature, organic matter and suspended solids had negligible effects on the virucidal efficacy of peracetic acid. INTRODUCTIONKline and Hull [6] were the first to study the virucidal efficiency of PAA and they found that a substantial inactivation of poliovirus was achieved at 0.4% aqueous solution of PAA in 5 min. Spros-sig and Mucke [12] noted that solutions of PAA in alcohols appeared to be more effective than aqueous solutions against poliovirus 1 and coxsackievirus B5. More recently, Hajenian and Butler [3] found that f2 coliphage and poliovirus 1 reacted differently to PAA. Levels up to 0.032% PAA were needed to achieve 99.43% inactivation of poliovirus 1 and only 0.013% PAA for the same degree of inactivation of f2 coliphage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the virucidal efficacy of peracetic acid against 6 viruses in a municipal sewage effluent. MATERIALS AND METHODS VirusesStock cultures of poliovirus type 1 (IfSc 2ab), coxsackievirus B5 and echovirus 1 were prepared in BGM cell cultures and viral infectivity was assayed by the microtitre method in the same cells. Human rotavirus from a stool specimen was assayed by indirect immunofluorescence of infected MA-104 cells [2]. Simian rotavirus SAll was cultivated in MA-104 cells and assayed by plaque formation in the same cells [11]. The f2 coliphage was cultivated in Escherichia coli K-12 Hfr and assayed by the soft-agar overlay technique [1].

Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance

“…Another resistance mechanism also involves viral aggregation, e.g., the persistence of infectivity of formaldehyde-treated poliovirus (458) and the resistance of Norwalk virus to chlorination (249). A typical biphasic survival curve of enterovirus and rotavirus exposed to peracetic acid is also indicative of the presence of viral aggregates (198).…”

Concerns and strategies for wastewater treatment during COVID-19 pandemic to stop plausible transmission

“…(2004 ) reported that 35 ppm solution of PAA could disrupt SARS-CoV-1 replication in cell culture with <2 min of contact period, whereas the same concentration was not found to produce any affect after 30 min of exposure; needing further research investigation. While studying inactivation of rotaviruses, enteroviruses and bacteriophages by PAA in sewage effluent, Harakeh (1984 ) reported that relatively high concentrations of acid were required to achieve significant inactivation. In this study, the most resistant Human rotavirus required 140 ppm to achieve 99.99% inactivation, while 20 ppm was sufficient to get same level of disinfection with the least resistant simian rotavirus.…”

Impact of Peracetic Acid on the Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue of Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instrument

“…Echovirus 1, Poliovirus 1, Coxsackievirus B5 , Human rotavirus , and Bacteriophage f2 r equired lower concentration for inactivation. On the other hand, Simian rotavirus SA11 that was the most sensitive one needed just 0.002% for inactivation [ 11 ]. At a low concentration of PAA, Harakeh [ 12 ] demonstrated that the acid at up to 0.0007% was an effective bacteriocide but not a good virucide.…”