Inactivation of faecal pathogens during faecal sludge composting: a systematic review

Manga, Musa; Muoghalu, Chimdi C.; Acheng, Pamela Opio

doi:10.1080/21622515.2023.2182719

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Quality assessment was performed by one reviewer and involved describing the level of evidence (Ackley et al, 2008;Brownson et al, 2009;Manga et al, 2023;Muoghalu et al, 2023) and risk of bias (Sterne et al, 2016;Higgins et al, 2022;Conaway et al, 2023) that were then used to rate the overall certainty of the articles. Quality assessment results are provided in Table 2.…”

Section: Quality Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of the Swachh Bharat Mission and barriers to ending open defecation in India: a systematic review

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Beardsley

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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In 2016, nearly 60% of the population of India practiced open defecation (OD), which was 4 times the global rate, and reducing OD in India will be essential in meeting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.2 and improving global public health. The government of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) in 2014 with one key goal for all Indian states to achieve OD-free (ODF) status by 2019. Despite reports from the Government of India on the success of SBM, the true ODF status of Indian states is still unknown. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted to assess the impact of SBM on OD in India, evaluate the barriers to reducing OD, and provide recommendations for future interventions to reduce or eliminate OD in India. A total of 237 publications were screened, and 22 were selected for inclusion. While the Prime Minister declared India ODF in 2019, studies suggest that the government monitoring system overestimates numbers of ODF villages and toilet coverage. Reasons for households’ continued OD practice include financial constraints, lack of water supply, governmental mistrust, cultural beliefs, and personal preference. Community incentives and penalties have been used to encourage proper sanitation practices with varying success. Overarching strategies and approaches that have worked well across study districts to reduce OD include high involvement of district leadership and innovative behavior-change and local community mobilization campaigns.

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Section: Quality Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of the Swachh Bharat Mission and barriers to ending open defecation in India: a systematic review

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Beardsley

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…World Bank estimates show that in 2020, 2.24 billion tons of solid waste were generated globally, and it is envisaged that this number will rise by 73% to 3.88 billion tons in 2050 [3]. The management and disposal of large quantities of waste is usually a source of environmental concern [4][5][6]. When not properly disposed of, solid waste, particularly the organic fraction, is of environmental concern as its decomposition leads to the release of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes substantially to global warming and climate change [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The management and disposal of large quantities of waste is usually a source of environmental concern [4][5][6]. When not properly disposed of, solid waste, particularly the organic fraction, is of environmental concern as its decomposition leads to the release of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes substantially to global warming and climate change [7,8]. This is worsened by the fact that a large percentage (~75%) of the waste generated worldwide is usually landfilled, where its decomposition leads to the generation of leachate [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochar and Its Potential Application for the Improvement of the Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Critical Review

et al. 2023

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Poor management of organic waste is a key environmental and public health issue as it contributes to environmental contamination and the spread of diseases. Anaerobic digestion (AD) presents an efficient method for organic waste management while generating energy and nutrient-rich digestate. However, the AD process is limited by key factors, which include process inefficiencies from substrate-induced instability, poor quality digestate, and poor management of effluent and emissions. Lately, there has been more interest in the use of biochar for improving anaerobic digestion. Biochar can improve methane production by speeding up the methanogenesis stage, protecting microorganisms from toxic shocks, and reducing inhibition from ammonia and volatile fatty acids. It can be applied for in situ cleanup of biogas to remove carbon dioxide. Applying biochar in AD is undergoing intensive research and development; however, there are still unresolved factors and challenges, such as the influence of feedstock source and pyrolysis on the performance of biochar when it is added to the AD process. In light of these considerations, this review sheds more light on various potential uses of biochar to complement or improve the AD process. This review also considers the mechanisms through which biochar enhances methane production rate, biochar’s influence on the resulting digestate, and areas for future research.

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“…A constant addition of lime is required to maintain the pH of the FS at an alkaline level, and its constant application leads to the formation of limescale [20]. In this regard, in practice, it is proposed that combined methods should be used for converting FS into fertilizer, for example, composting with additional leaching with lime [23]. Such methods also have their disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Alcaligenes faecalis to Reduce Coliforms and Enhance the Stabilization of Faecal Sludge

Loiko,

Kanunnikov,

Litti

2023

Sustainability

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The disposal of human faecal sludge (FS) is one of the biggest environmental problems. It can be solved by using FS as an agricultural fertilizer. However, this is hampered by the presence of pathogenic microflora and high organic matter content in FS. This paper proposes a novel treatment approach for FS to address these issues. It consists of the preliminary aerobic incubation of FS with the bioaugmentation of bacterial culture Alcaligenes faecalis DOS7. A. faecalis has been shown to inhibit the growth of various microorganisms, including coliforms (Escherichia coli). For the treatment of FS, three tanks with a volume of 1 m3 each, equipped with a mixing and aeration system, were used. A. faecalis culture was introduced into two experimental tanks at a concentration of 106 and 6.5 × 106 cells/mL. The 11-day incubation in the experimental tanks resulted in the decomposition of organic matter in the FS that was several times faster than in the control (p < 0.05). Total suspended solids decreased 2.5–5-fold, chemical oxygen demand decreased 1.8-fold, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand decreased 1.5–2-fold. At the same time, after 4 days of incubation, no coliforms were detected in the experimental tanks, and in the control, coliforms accounted for 13.9% of the total number of cells after 11 days of incubation. The proposed method of FS pretreatment is a real alternative to the existing ones and can be used both individually and in combination with other methods, for example, composting.

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Inactivation of faecal pathogens during faecal sludge composting: a systematic review

Cited by 12 publications

References 132 publications

Effectiveness of the Swachh Bharat Mission and barriers to ending open defecation in India: a systematic review

Effectiveness of the Swachh Bharat Mission and barriers to ending open defecation in India: a systematic review

Biochar and Its Potential Application for the Improvement of the Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Critical Review

Use of Alcaligenes faecalis to Reduce Coliforms and Enhance the Stabilization of Faecal Sludge

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