Inactivation of human norovirus using chemical sanitizers

Kingsley, David H.; Vincent, Emily M.; Meade, Gloria K.; Watson, Clytrice L.; Fan, Xuetong

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.11.018

Cited by 80 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…HuNoV bound to PGM-MBs can then be collected, excluding particles that have lost receptor binding ability and theoretically allowing for RNA detection from intact HuNoV particles only. PGM-MBs has been used to evaluate HuNoV inactivation by thermal, high-pressure processing (HPP), and UV treatments (53), as well as by treatments with chlorine, chlorine dioxide, peroxyacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and trisodium phosphate (70). TV also utilizes HBGAs as cellular receptors (57), so there is the potential to use this cultivatable virus as a side-by-side control to determine the ability of the PGM-MBs binding assay to distinguish between infectious and noninfectious virus particles.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Inactivation of Enteric Viruses and Bioaccumulation of Enteric Foodborne Viruses in Live Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Araud

DiCaprio

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

f Human enteric viruses are among the main causative agents of shellfish-associated outbreaks. In this study, the kinetics of viral bioaccumulation in live oysters and the heat stabilities of the predominant enteric viruses were determined both in tissue culture and in oyster tissues. A human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.4 strain, HuNoV surrogates (murine norovirus [MNV-1], Tulane virus [TV]), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and human rotavirus (RV) bioaccumulated to high titers within oyster tissues, with different patterns of bioaccumulation for the different viruses. We tested the thermal stability of each virus at 62, 72, and 80°C in culture medium. The viruses can be ranked from the most heat resistant to the least stable as follows: HAV, RV, TV, MNV-1. In addition, we found that oyster tissues provided protection to the viruses during heat treatment. To decipher the mechanism underlying viral inactivation by heat, purified TV was treated at 80°C for increasing time intervals. It was found that the integrity of the viral capsid was disrupted, whereas viral genomic RNA remained intact. Interestingly, heat treatment leading to complete loss of TV infectivity was not sufficient to completely disrupt the receptor binding activity of TV, as determined by the porcine gastric mucin-magnetic bead binding assay. Similarly, HuNoV virus-like particles (VLPs) and a HuNoV GII.4 strain retained some receptor binding ability following heat treatment. Although foodborne viruses have variable heat stability, 80°C for >6 min was sufficient to completely inactivate enteric viruses in oysters, with the exception of HAV.A pproximately 7.6 million to 14.5 million illnesses in the United States are attributed to the consumption of contaminated seafood each year, and enteric viruses are responsible for more than 50% of these cases (1). In a review of the available epidemiological evidence, human norovirus (HuNoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) were the leading viruses associated with shellfish, accounting for 83.7% and 12.8% of outbreaks, respectively (2). The type of shellfish most frequently associated with viral outbreaks was oysters, which were the vehicle in 58.4% of outbreaks (2). In some regions, human enteric viruses are practically ubiquitous in harvested shellfish. Keller et al. (3) showed that 100% of shellfish samples collected from Vitória Bay, Espírito Santo, Brazil, were positive for rotavirus (RV) and adenovirus. However, only 80% of the growing water samples were positive for these pathogens. Viral titers were 400 times higher in the shellfish samples than in the growing water, indicating high levels of natural bioaccumulation (3). In the Galician Rias area, the largest shellfish production area in the European Union, 55% of mussel, clam, and cockle samples were contaminated by HuNoV genogroup I (GI) and GII and HAV (4). Thus, understanding of the ecology and persistence of enteric viruses in shellfish is needed to help prevent future outbreaks.The consumption of uncooked contaminated bivalve shellfish continues to pose a public ...

show abstract

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Inactivation of Enteric Viruses and Bioaccumulation of Enteric Foodborne Viruses in Live Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Araud

DiCaprio

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After PAA and H2O2 treatments of HuNoV faecal samples, HuNoV binding was only reduced by less than 1 log10. These results suggest that binding was not affected and capsids were not altered by these oxidizing agents (Kingsley et al 2014). The mechanisms of action of glutaraldehyde on viruses are still unknown but probably also involve cross-linking of proteins, RNA and DNA (Chambon et al 1992;McDonnell and Russell 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparative Virucidal Efficacy of Seven Disinfectants Against Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus, Surrogates of Human Norovirus

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, neither denaturing of the viral capsid protein with heat nor genome damage by UV light can be detected with the proposed approach. Since the denaturing of the viral capsid protein and the destruction of the genome are important processes of virus inactivation, the combination of the present approach with the genome-targeted methodologies may yield important information regarding the virus inactivation mechanisms in a variety of disinfection interventions (46). Thus, one of the most applicable situations for the proposed approach is in the efficacy tests of chlorine-based disinfection interventions using enteric viruses inoculated in water samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture-Independent Evaluation of Nonenveloped-Virus Infectivity Reduced by Free-Chlorine Disinfection

Sano

Ohta

Nakamura

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

bThe inability of molecular detection methods to distinguish disinfected virions from infectious ones has hampered the assessment of infectivity for enteric viruses caused by disinfection practices. In the present study, the reduction of infectivity of murine norovirus S7-PP3 and mengovirus vMC0, surrogates of human noroviruses and enteroviruses, respectively, caused by free-chlorine treatment was characterized culture independently by detecting carbonyl groups on viral capsid protein. The amount of carbonyls on viral capsid protein was evaluated by the proportion of biotinylated virions trapped by avidin-immobilized gel (percent adsorbed). This culture-independent approach demonstrated that the percent adsorbed was significantly correlated with the logarithm of the infectious titer of tested viruses. Taken together with the results of previous reports, the result obtained in this study indicates that the amount of carbonyls on viral capsid protein of four important families of waterborne pathogenic viruses, Astroviridae, Reoviridae, Caliciviridae, and Picornaviridae, is increased in proportion to the received oxidative stress of free chlorine. There was also a significant correlation between the percent adsorbed and the logarithm of the ratio of genome copy number to PFU, which enables estimation of the infectious titer of a subject virus by measuring values of the total genome copy number and the percent adsorbed. The proposed method is applicable when the validation of a 4-log reduction of viruses, a requirement in U.S. EPA guidelines for virus removal from water, is needed along with clear evidence of the oxidation of virus particles with chlorine-based disinfectants.

show abstract

Inactivation of human norovirus using chemical sanitizers

Cited by 80 publications

References 48 publications

Thermal Inactivation of Enteric Viruses and Bioaccumulation of Enteric Foodborne Viruses in Live Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Thermal Inactivation of Enteric Viruses and Bioaccumulation of Enteric Foodborne Viruses in Live Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Comparative Virucidal Efficacy of Seven Disinfectants Against Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus, Surrogates of Human Norovirus

Culture-Independent Evaluation of Nonenveloped-Virus Infectivity Reduced by Free-Chlorine Disinfection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About