Inactivation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Water by a Cold, He/O<sub>2</sub> Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Microjet

Bai, Na; Sun, Peter P.; Zhou, Huayi; Wu, Haiyan; Wang, Ruixue; Liu, Fuxiang; Zhu, Weidong; López, José L.; Zhang, Jue; Fang, Jing

doi:10.1002/ppap.201000078

Cited by 95 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These interactions could be adverse to cell survival, as was, for example, shown by the rapid acidification of aqueous environments under plasma exposure [81], [82], [111]. Conversely, properties of the surface and chemistry of the surface might also have a protective effect.…”

Section: Inactivation Agentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…As such, the system satisfies the requirements of inexpensive operation and relatively carefree maintenance. The high ratio of oxygen to the operating gas, the use of ambient air, and also the added humidity could enhance the effectiveness of the plasma [11], [82]- [86]. Radicals generated from water and from oxygen are currently discussed as the most important reactive agents to explain the mechanisms of nonthermal plasma inactivation at atmospheric pressure in air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold DC-Operated Air Plasma Jet for the Inactivation of Infectious Microorganisms

Kolb

Mattson

Edelblute

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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We evaluated a nonthermal plasma jet for a respective use to prevent infections from bacteria and yeasts. The plasma jet is generated from the flow of ambient air with 8 slm through a microhollow cathode discharge assembly that is operated with a direct current of 30 mA. With these parameters, the temperature in the jet reaches 43 • C at 10 mm from the discharge. Agar plates that were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Candida kefyr were treated at this distance, moving the plates through the jet in a meander that covered a 2 cm by 2 cm area. Different exposure times were realized by changing the speed of the movement and adjusting the distance between consecutive passes. S. aureus was most responsive to the exposure with a reduction in the number of colony forming units of 5.5 log steps in 40 s. All other microorganisms show a more gradual inactivation with exposure times. For all bacteria, a clearing of the treated area is achieved in about 2.5-3.5 min, corresponding to log-reduction factors of 5.5-6.5. Complete inactivation of the yeast requires about 7 min. Both S. aureus and C. kefyr show considerable inactivation also outside the immediate treatment area, while P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii do not. We conclude that differences in the morphologies of the membrane structures are responsible for the diverging results, together with a targeted response to different agents provided with the plasma jet. For the gram negative bacteria, we hold short-lived agents, acting across a short range, responsible, while for the other microorganisms, longer lived species seem more important. Our measurements show that neither heat, ultraviolet radiation, nor the generation of ozone can be responsible for the observed results. The most prominent long lived reaction product found is nitric oxide, which, by itself or through induced chemical reactions, might affect cell viability.

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Section: Inactivation Agentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold DC-Operated Air Plasma Jet for the Inactivation of Infectious Microorganisms

Kolb

Mattson

Edelblute

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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“…[8,[12][13][14][15][16] As a form of advanced oxidation-reduction processes (AORP), discharge plasma can induce the generation of large number of oxidative and reductive free radicals, such as hydroxyl radical, hydrogen radical, aqueous electron, and so on. [17][18][19] Most applications of this technique are dependent on the reactions of the dissolved materials/pollutants with the generated chemical reactive species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Damage of Glutathione by Glow Discharge Plasma at the Gas–Solution Interface through Raman Spectroscopy

Zhang

Huang

2012

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Although non‐thermal discharge plasma is more and more applied in biological field, the molecular mechanisms of plasma acting on biomolecules are still unclear, which are indispensable for understanding the plasma‐induced biological effects. In this work, discharge plasma at the gas–solution interface was employed to irradiate on reduced glutathione (GSH), the most abundant low molecular weight thiol‐containing antioxidant in cells. Through Raman spectroscopy, both the irreversible damage and reversible conversion of GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were monitored in a non‐destructive fashion, so that the reaction kinetic processes through multi‐pathways could be evaluated quickly and quantitatively. Based on the experimental data, the reaction mechanism was discussed. magnified image

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“…In this study, plasma-generated ROS typically included the H 2 O 2 , HO 2 , O 3 , and nitrogen oxide (NO x ) molecules, HNO x , and O and OH radicals in the gas phase. Among various plasma-activated neutrals, O and OH radicals and nitrogen-containing species (reactive nitrogen species [RNS]) have been assumed to play a reasonable role in the plasma inactivation of microorganisms (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39). These species have a strong oxidative effect on the outer structures of bacterial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Escherichia coli Cells in Aqueous Solution by Atmospheric-Pressure N ₂ , He, Air, and O ₂ Microplasmas

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bAtmospheric-pressure N 2 , He, air, and O 2 microplasma arrays have been used to inactivate Escherichia coli cells suspended in aqueous solution. Measurements show that the efficiency of inactivation of E. coli cells is strongly dependent on the feed gases used, the plasma treatment time, and the discharge power. Compared to atmospheric-pressure N 2 and He microplasma arrays, air and O 2 microplasma arrays may be utilized to more efficiently kill E. coli cells in aqueous solution. The efficiencies of inactivation of E. coli cells in water can be well described by using the chemical reaction rate model, where reactive oxygen species play a crucial role in the inactivation process. Analysis indicates that plasma-generated reactive species can react with E. coli cells in water by direct or indirect interactions.Plasma, called the fourth fundamental state of matter, in addition to solids, liquids, and gases, consists of equal numbers of positive ions and negative electrons (negative ions in some cases) and other reactive species, generally resulting from the ionization of neutral gases. Due to the reactive species in plasma, gas-based reactive plasmas are thought to be effective in killing various microorganisms (1-3). Therefore, recently, the inactivation of microorganisms in water by atmospheric-pressure cold plasmas (APCP) has attracted great attention for biomedical and environmental applications due to their lethal effects on bacteria and fungi (4-8), since APCP include many reactive species similar to those in the conventional methods of microorganism inactivation, such as ozone generation (9), UV irradiation (10), chemical agents (11), electrical fields (12, 13), and microwave irradiation (14).The chemical reaction rates of these plasma-activated species may be improved greatly when atmospheric-pressure nonequilibrium plasmas are generated in water (4-7, 15). These short-lived species can be formed in the vicinity of microorganisms and efficiently kill microorganisms in water. Usually, it is relatively hard to generate stable atmospheric-pressure plasmas in water. Among various plasma sources (4, 5, 7), atmospheric-pressure arc discharge has frequently been used for killing microorganisms in water. Compared to other sources, the strong arc discharges are less influenced by the aqueous environment while obviously leading to an increase in the water temperature with high energy consumption. This arc discharge can also cause serious damage to heat-sensitive materials, and the volume of treated aqueous solution is limited, since the arc plasma is usually controllable only in a small processing space.Previously (16), we designed an atmospheric-pressure air microplasma array to inactivate Pseudomonas fluorescens cells in aqueous media. The microplasma produced by hollow-fiberbased microplasma jets is stable and extremely efficient in killing P. fluorescens cells in aqueous media. This design demonstrates potential application for large-volume plasma inactivation of bacterial cells in water. In this study, we repor...

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Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in Water by a Cold, He/O₂ Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Microjet

Cited by 95 publications

References 33 publications

Cold DC-Operated Air Plasma Jet for the Inactivation of Infectious Microorganisms

Cold DC-Operated Air Plasma Jet for the Inactivation of Infectious Microorganisms

Assessment of Damage of Glutathione by Glow Discharge Plasma at the Gas–Solution Interface through Raman Spectroscopy

Inactivation of Escherichia coli Cells in Aqueous Solution by Atmospheric-Pressure N ₂ , He, Air, and O ₂ Microplasmas

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Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in Water by a Cold, He/O2 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Microjet

Cited by 95 publications

References 33 publications

Cold DC-Operated Air Plasma Jet for the Inactivation of Infectious Microorganisms

Cold DC-Operated Air Plasma Jet for the Inactivation of Infectious Microorganisms

Assessment of Damage of Glutathione by Glow Discharge Plasma at the Gas–Solution Interface through Raman Spectroscopy

Inactivation of Escherichia coli Cells in Aqueous Solution by Atmospheric-Pressure N 2 , He, Air, and O 2 Microplasmas

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Product

Resources

About

Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in Water by a Cold, He/O₂ Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Microjet

Inactivation of Escherichia coli Cells in Aqueous Solution by Atmospheric-Pressure N ₂ , He, Air, and O ₂ Microplasmas