Inactivation of pectic enzymes by polyphenols in cotton seedlings of different ages infected with Rhizoctonia solani

Hunter, R. E.

doi:10.1016/0048-4059(74)90002-2

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This indicates that (+ )-catechin is the main tannin precursor in cottonseed, as in other cotton tissues (Hunter, 1974;Mace and Howell, 1974;Howell, et al, 1976). Large amounts of DMB-reactive material remained at the origin of the chromatograms, and were probably oligomeric condensed tannins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Localization and Changes in Catechin and Tannins During Development and Ripening of Cottonseed

Halloin¹

1982

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYTannnins and their precursor, (+)-catechm, are localized primarily in the pigmented layers of the cottonseed coat and in seed linters. Lesser quantities are localized in the nucellus and in the palisade parenchyma ot embryo cotyledons. Oxidation of seed coat tannins during seed ripening is accompanied by seed coloration and reduction of seed coat permeability to water. Localization and changes in cottonseed flavanols and tannins during seed development and ripening are consistent with their proposed functions as (1) chemical barriers against infection by fungi, (2) physical barriers against absorption of water, and (3) chromogens in baked products containing cottonseed products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Inhibition of fungi by (-f)-catechin from cotton tissues has been demonstrated (Hunter, 1974;Howell et al, 1976). Non-ripened seed coats are rich in (+ )-catechin and non-oxidized condensed tannins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and Changes in Catechin and Tannins During Development and Ripening of Cottonseed

Halloin¹

1982

New Phytologist

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“…First, the fungus may express only a limited level of cell wall-hydrolytic enzymes as an adaptation to the symbiotic life, in which the symbiont must avoid eliciting host resistance reactions (Ramstedt and Soderhall, 1983). Second, these low enzyme activities may be locally modulated by phenolics (Hunter, 1974;Scalbert, 1991 nerini, 1992). In addition, fungal growth itself could be potentially inhibited by the products of an induced oxidative cleavage of catechin and its derivatives, as discussed in defense mechanisms of the tea plant against fungal pathogens (Chakraborty et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-Specific and Development-Dependent Accumulation of Phenylpropanoids in Larch Mycorrhizas

et al. 1997

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The tissue-specific and development-dependent accumulation of secondary products in roots and mycorrhizas of larch (Larix decidua Mill.; Pinaceae) was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography and histochemical methods. The compounds identified were soluble catechin, epicatechin, quercetin 3-Ocr-rhamnoside, cyanidin-and peonidin 3-Op-glucoside, 4-OP-hydroxybenzoyl-OP-glucose, 4-hydroxybenzoate 4-OP-glucoside, maltol 3 -0 4 -glucoside, and the wall-bound 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and ferulate. I n addition, we partially identified a tetrahydroxystilbene monoglycoside, a quercetin glycoside, and eight oligomeric proanthocyanidins. Comparison between the compounds accumulating in the apical tissue of fine roots, long roots, and in vitro grown mycorrhizas (L. decidua-Suillus tridentinus) showed elevated levels of the major compounds catechin and epicatechin as well as the minor compound 4-hydroxybenzoate 4-OP-glucoside specifically in the root apex of young mycorrhizas. l h e amounts of wall-bound 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin were increased in all of the mycorrhizal sections examined. During the early stages of mycorrhization the concentrations of these compounds increased rapidly, perhaps induced by the mycorrhizal fungus. I n addition, studies of L. decidua-Boletinus cavipes mycorrhizas from a natural stand showed that the central part of the subapical cortex tissue and the endodermis both accumulate massive concentrations of catechin, epicatechin, and wall-bound ferulate compared with the outer part of the cortex, where the Hartig net is being formed.

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“…Thus the ectomycorrhizal fungi should only express a limited level of cell walldegrading enzymes as an adaptation to their mutualistic life (Ramstedt and SoÈ derhaÈ ll 1983), being per se unable to allow intracellular hyphal growth. These low enzyme activities might easily be modulated by phenylpropanoids (Hunter 1974;Scalbert 1991) to control the intercellular invasion of the fungus. This is in line with a study on nitrogen release from protein-polyphenol complexes (Bending and Read 1996a) showing that in contrast to extracellular proteases from saprophytic wood-degrading fungi, those from the majority of ectomycorrhizal fungi tested, were unable to mobilise these complexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylpropanoids in mycorrhizas of the Pinaceae

Weiß

Schmidt

Neumann

et al. 1999

Planta

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Tissue-speci®c accumulation of phenylpropanoids was studied in mycorrhizas of the conifers, silver ®r (Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], white pine (Pinus strobus L.), Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.), and Douglas ®r [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco], using high-performance liquid chromatography and histochemical methods. The compounds identi®ed were soluble¯avanols (catechin and epicatechin), proanthocyanidins (mainly dimeric catechins and/or epicatechins), stilbene glucosides (astringin and isorhapontin), one dihydro¯avonol glucoside (taxifolin 3¢-O-glucopyranoside), and a hydroxycinnamate derivative (unknown ferulate conjugate). In addition, a cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamate (ferulate) and a hydroxybenzaldehyde (vanillin) were analysed. Colonisation of the root by the fungal symbiont correlated with the distribution pattern of the above phenylpropanoids in mycorrhizas suggesting that these compounds play an essential role in restricting fungal growth. The levels of¯avanols and cell wallbound ferulate within the cortex were high in the apical part and decreased to the proximal side of the mycorrhizas. In both Douglas ®r and silver ®r, which allowed separation of inner and outer parts of the cortical tissues, a characteristic transversal distribution of these compounds was found: high levels in the inner non-colonised part of the cortex and low levels in the outer part where the Hartig net is formed. Restriction of fungal growth to the outer cortex may also be achieved by characteristic cell wall thickening of the inner cortex which exhibited¯avanolic wall infusions in Douglas ®r mycorrhizas. Long and short roots of conifers from natural stands showed similar distribution patterns of phenylpropanoids and cell wall thickening compared to the respective mycorrhizas. These results are discussed with respect to co-evolutionary adaptation of both symbiotic partners regarding root structure (anatomy) and root chemistry.

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Inactivation of pectic enzymes by polyphenols in cotton seedlings of different ages infected with Rhizoctonia solani

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Localization and Changes in Catechin and Tannins During Development and Ripening of Cottonseed

Localization and Changes in Catechin and Tannins During Development and Ripening of Cottonseed

Tissue-Specific and Development-Dependent Accumulation of Phenylpropanoids in Larch Mycorrhizas

Phenylpropanoids in mycorrhizas of the Pinaceae

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