Inactivation of phytotoxin produced by the rice sheath blight pathogen<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>

Sriram, S.; Raguchander, T.; Babu, Subramanian; Nandakumar, R.; Shanmugam, V.; Vidhyasekaran, P.; Balasubramanian, P.; Samiyappan, R.

doi:10.1139/w00-018

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It has been observed that reduction of symptom production and electrolyte leakage by antagonists are positively correlated, which has been reported in various other crops such as oats by victorin (Damann et al 1974); and tobacco, cucumber and Solanum species by collectotrichin (Duke et al 1992). Our results were in agreement with Sriram et al (2000), who observed a sharp fall in electrolyte leakage after treating the pathotoxin from R. solani with the biocontrol agents. The variations in absorption maxima and peaks of BStoxin treated with antagonists are attributed to changes in chemical nature of toxin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…BFA is a non-specific phytotoxin from Alternaria carthami causing leaf and stem blight of safflower. Similarly, Sriram et al (2000) reported that a few isolates of T. viride were found to inactivate the Rhizoctonia solani toxin which formed the sole food source of biocontrol fungus. In the present study, although all the biocontrol agents were able to grow in BS-toxin amended medium, but two strains of C. globosum (Cg1and Cg2), T. viride strain TV5-2 and a strain of P. fluorescence grew better than other strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Microbial detoxification of pathotoxin produced by spot blotch pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana infecting wheat

Aggarwal

Gupta

Singh

et al. 2011

J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol.

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Bipolaris sorokiniana causes spot blotch in wheat and barley. The pathogen produces toxin (BS-toxin), which is a sesquiterpenoid belonging to eremophilane family. Isolates of Trichoderma spp., Chaetomium globosum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested for detoxification of BS-toxin amended in semi-synthetic medium at different concentrations. All the antagonists showed mycelial growth in toxin amended medium but their growth was less in comparison to growth in normal medium. The growth of biocontrol agents decreased with increasing concentration of toxin. Two isolates of C. globosum (Cg1 and Cg2), T.viride (TV5-2) and Pseudomonas fluorescens produced 4.9, 2.9, 3.6 g mycelium and 5.5 × 10 5 cfu /ml, respectively exhibiting 50% or less reduction in growth in BS-toxin amended medium at 1,000 ppm concentration. The biocontrol agents also reduced the severity of toxininduced symptoms and electrolyte leakage from the wheat leaf tissues. Among the microbes tested, maximum reduction in electrolyte leakage was observed in C. globosum (Cg2) treated toxin samples. The spectral analysis also showed a remarkable decrease in optical density of Cg2 treated toxin at 294 nm. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed almost complete degradation of BS-toxin in C. globosum (Cg2) treated samples.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microbial detoxification of pathotoxin produced by spot blotch pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana infecting wheat

Aggarwal

Gupta

Singh

et al. 2011

J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol.

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“…Probably, Ulocladium inactivate the toxins that may be secreted by Botrytis. Similar observation were reported by Sriram et al [14] who indicate that isolates of Trichoderma viride inactivate a toxin produced by the rice sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, leading to reduction of electrolytes leakage from rice cells. …”

Section: Electrolytes Leakage Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

Interaction of Ulocladium atrum, a Potential Biological Control Agent, with Botrytis cinerea and Grapevine Plantlets

2013

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Abstract:The effectiveness of biological control agent, Ulocladium atrum (isolates U13 and U16) in protecting Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay against gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, and simulation of the foliar defense responses was investigated. A degraded mycelium structure during cultural assay on potato dextrose agar revealed that U. atrum isolates U13 and U16 were both antagonistic to B. cinerea, mainly when isolates were inoculated two days before Botrytis. Under in vitro conditions, foliar application of U. atrum protected grapevine leaves against gray mold disease. An increase in chitinase activity was induced by the presence of U. atrum isolates indicating that the biological control agents triggered plant defense mechanisms. Moreover, U13 has the potential to colonize the grapevine plantlets and to improve their growth. The ability of U. atrum isolates to exhibit an antagonistic effect against B. cinerea in addition to their aptitude to induce plant resistance and to promote grapevine growth may explain a part of their biological activity. Hence, this study suggests that U. atrum provides a suitable biocontrol agent against gray mold in grapevines.

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“…These microorganisms produce toxic metabolites in culture media and plant tissues which were involved in the disease syndrome (Wood et al 1972). Several species of Colletotrichum and Alternaria were known to produce different types of toxic metabolites (Bhaskaran and Kandaswamy 1978;Sriram et al 2000). Attempts were made to assess the production of cell wall degrading enzymes and isolate the toxins produced by C. capsici and A. alternata and study its effect on plant and seed germination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Toxins by Colletotrichum Capsici and Alternaria Alternata Causing Fruit ROT of Chillies

Anand¹,

Bhaskaran²,

Karthikeyan³

et al. 2008

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Abstract:The virulent isolates of Colletotrichum capsici and Alternaria alternata produced more cellulolytic enzymes viz., C 1 and C x in vitro than the avirulent ones and the activity of these enzymes increased with the increase in age of culture. The virulent isolates of C. capsici and A. alternata produced more pectinolytic enzymes (macerating enzymes, pectin methyl esterase and endo polygalacturonase) than the avirulent ones. All the pectinolytic enzymes were highly active in 10-day-old culture and the activities decreased with the increase of culture age. Whereas the activity of enzymes produced by avirulent isolate of pathogens did not decrease and these enzyme activities increased with the increase in the age of culture. These pathogens also produced nonspecific toxic metabolites in culture filtrate which reduced seed germination, root length, shoot length and vigour index of the seedlings of chilli, rice, mungbean, maize, cotton, groundnut, okra, egg plant, cucumber and tomato.The toxins of the pathogens reduced seed germination and caused mortality of chilli seedlings in pot culture. The toxins also produced phytotoxic symptoms in the treated ripe and green chilli fruits and leaves.

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Inactivation of phytotoxin produced by the rice sheath blight pathogenRhizoctonia solani

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Microbial detoxification of pathotoxin produced by spot blotch pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana infecting wheat

Microbial detoxification of pathotoxin produced by spot blotch pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana infecting wheat

Interaction of Ulocladium atrum, a Potential Biological Control Agent, with Botrytis cinerea and Grapevine Plantlets

Production of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Toxins by Colletotrichum Capsici and Alternaria Alternata Causing Fruit ROT of Chillies

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