Inactivation of pure bacterial biofilms by impaction of aerosolized consumer products containing nanoparticulate metals

Abstract

The ability of nanotechnology-enabled consumer sprays to inactivate bacteria has direct health implications. This research investigated the ability of six nanosilver-based consumer sprays to inactivate bacteria. We determined the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the products by an agar dilution method, collected particles released from sprays onto bacterial films using impactors, and determined metal concentrations in the products using ICPMS. Also, the size of silver nanoparticles in the products' suspensions was determined using single particle (sp)ICPMS. Two of the six nanoproducts inhibited growth of and bacteria (MICs of 40,000 and 160,000 ppm). Collection of particles aerosolized from these two products onto films of the same bacteria inhibited bacterial growth; however, the mass concentration deposited onto bacterial films was lower than the MICs. Furthermore, these two nanoproducts had the lowest silver concentrations compared to the other four nanosilver products. Yet, they had the smallest nanosilver particles: mean size of ~20 to 30 nm vs. ~45 nm for the other products. Their suspensions were more acidic (pH ~3-5) and had higher concentrations of zinc and magnesium compared to other products. This research illustrates that some consumer nanoproducts have antibacterial potential and may affect our microbiota. Yet, the inactivation potential cannot solely be presumed based on the nanosilver presence and concentration in the product; the final nanoproduct's form, including its matrix, must be considered. As nanomaterials are increasingly incorporated into consumer goods, this research highlights the need to investigate final-form consumer nanoproducts and their potential to affect our microbial environment.

Analytical applications of single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a comprehensive and critical review

“…79,82,84 When refractory nanoparticles like TiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 are involved, a previous matrix digestion with hydrogen peroxide has been applied. 83 Other consumer products considered have been antibacterial sprays containing silver nanoparticles, [86][87][88] although the occurrence of other elements like Sn or Zn in these products has also been checked. 88 TiO 2 and metallic Ag are approved food additives, labelled as E171 and E174, respectively.…”

“…This was the case for titanium in some cosmetics [77][78][79]82 and food additives, 46 as well as for silver. 43,53,86,87 For microplastics, 85 the sizes of detectable particles were restricted at both size range limits. At lower size range, it is restricted due to the inherent limitations of carbon detection by ICP-MS, and at the upper size range due to low nebulization efficiency of large particles, being limited to sizes from 1 up to µm.…”