“…As a cold sterilization technology, radiation has the characteristics of low cost, environmental friendliness, easy control, good sterilization effect, and high safety, and has been recognized more and more around the world (Pereira et al, 2017;Wei et al, 2022). X-rays, gamma-rays, and electron-beams, have been approved by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), have been widely used in food to produced the ideal effec (Kim et al, 2017;Hwang et al, 2021;Pillai & Pillai, 2021;Luo et al, 2023). Nowadays, irradiation technology is widely used in food and medical treatment and has broad application prospects.…”