Inanimate surfaces as potential source of 2019-nCoV spread and their disinfection with biocidal agents

Akram, Muhammad Zeeshan

doi:10.1007/s13337-020-00603-0

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In contrast, on copper surfaces the coronavirus can only sustain approximately 4 h ( Suman et al, 2020 ). Interestingly, a rapid SARS-CoV-2 inactivation is possible by using commonly available chemicals and biocides on inanimate surfaces ( Akram, 2020 ; Dev Kumar et al, 2020 ; Gerlach et al, 2020 ). In summary, although the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on inanimate surfaces is possible, washing hands and regular disinfection practices should reduce the possibilities of transmission of the coronavirus by this potential route of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To avoid the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from surfaces, the WHO ( WHO, 2020b ) recommends cleaning surfaces with water, detergents, and disinfectants usually effective to clean the environment. In relation to this, Akram (2020) has reported that disinfection of frequent touch surfaces with 62–71% ethanol, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite, and 0.5% hydrogen peroxide is effective against SARS-CoV-2, but ineffective with 1-minute exposure time. Other biocidal agents such as 0.05-0.2% benzalkonium chloride, or 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate, are less effective ( Kampf et al, 2020a ).…”

Section: Miscellaneous On Covid-19 and Surfaces: Mitigation Of The Comentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contamination of inert surfaces by SARS-CoV-2: Persistence, stability and infectivity. A review

Marquès

Domingo

2021

Environmental Research

154

128

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Undoubtedly, there is a tremendous concern regarding the new viral strain "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2" (SARS-CoV-2) and its related disease known as COVID-19. The World Health Organization has stated that SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted from person-to-person close contact, as well as by small aerosol respiratory droplets. Moreover, the results of some recent studies about the role of air pollution on the spread and lethality of the novel coronavirus suggest that air contaminants could be also transmission pathway of the virus. On the other hand, indirect transmission of the virus cannot be discarded. Among many sources of indirect transmission, there is the contamination of inert/inanimate surfaces. This manuscript was aimed at reviewing the scientific literature currently available in PubMed and Scopus. The results of the reviewed studies point out that SARS-CoV-2 can last on different surfaces from hours to a few days. However, rapid SARS-CoV-2 inactivation is possible by applying commonly available chemicals and biocides on inanimate surfaces. Consequently, although the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on inanimate surfaces can represent a potential route of the transmission, appropriate disinfection measures should reduce the possibilities of transmission of the coronavirus, and hence, significantly decrease the risks of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Miscellaneous On Covid-19 and Surfaces: Mitigation Of The Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of inert surfaces by SARS-CoV-2: Persistence, stability and infectivity. A review

Marquès

Domingo

2021

Environmental Research

154

128

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“…Goldman ( 2020 ), for instance, proposes that a risk of infection exists if a person touches a surface immediately after (1–2 h) an infected person directly coughed or sneezed on it. Other scholars suggest that the virus may survive between 2 or 3 days on dry surfaces (Van Doremalen et al, 2020 ) or even up to 9 days at room temperature (Akram, 2020 ; Fiorillo et al, 2020 ). Hence, touching surfaces while traveling carries the risk of infection with the coronavirus, with the original transmitter being unknown and hard to trace for those that are infected (Suman et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Conceptual Research Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Consumers' Intention to Use Shared-Mobility Services in German Cities

Garaus

2021

Front. Psychol.

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One sector that severely suffers from the outbreak of the coronavirus is carsharing (i.e., short-term car access). The downswing of the carsharing industry may not only experience negative economic consequences but also ecological ones. Carsharing has the potential to reduce emissions, occupied space, and congestion and hence can actively contribute to mitigating climate change. As Bill Gates strikingly states: “Covid-19 is awful. Climate change could be worse.” For this reason, it is important to understand which underlying mechanisms drive carsharing usage during the Covid-19 pandemic. The current research has the overall objective to provide deeper insights into the mediating mechanisms that explain carsharing usage intention during the Covid-19 pandemic. In particular, we draw on signaling theory to explore how different claims (environmental claims, safety claims) that prompt two different opposing underlying processes (perceived ecological benefits, perceived physical risk) influence carsharing usage intention. An online experiment employing a 3 (environmental claim vs. safety claim vs. no claim) × 2 (high information diagnosticity vs. low information diagnosticity) between-subjects design with participants acquired by the online panel platform Clickworker was conducted in April 2020. Fictitious labels and fictitious advertisements served as stimulus material and constituted the five experimental conditions. The data were analyzed by a multicategorial moderated mediation analysis and a multivariate analysis of covariance. Results reveal that environmental claims can stimulate perceived ecological benefits, which, in turn, positively affect carsharing usage intention. Interestingly, our research demonstrates that safety claims cannot decrease perceived physical risk in the context of Covid-19 and carsharing. Nevertheless, perceived physical risk has a (marginal) negative influence on carsharing usage intention and hence should not be discarded altogether. The findings of this article offer new insights into the mental processes that guide consumer decision-making during the coronavirus crisis and also offer important policy implications by highlighting the relevance of environmental claims during the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the negative influence of perceived physical risk on carsharing usage intention points to the need for alternative measures to reduce users' risk perceptions.

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“…According to a Lancet report, the infectious virus was undetectable at day four on glass and a banknote, and at day seven on stainless steel and plastic [92]. SARS-CoV-2 maintains its infectivity up to 24 h, 48 h and 72 h on cardboard, stainless steel and plastics, respectively, whereas copper tends to inactivate the virus since SARS-CoV-2 was found to persist up to a maximum of 4 h only on copper surfaces [93]. In terms of disinfections, SARS-CoV-2 is susceptible to many disinfectant agents, including ethanol (62-71%), sodium hypochlorite (0.1%) and hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) [91].…”

Section: Virus Stability On Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers Associated with COVID-19 Susceptibility, Resistance, and Severity

Fakhroo¹,

Thani

Yassine

2020

Viruses

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In December 2019, the latest member of the coronavirus family, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China, leading to the outbreak of an unusual viral pneumonia known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 was then declared as a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The initial mortality rate of COVID-19 declared by WHO was 2%; however, this rate has increased to 3.4% as of 3 March 2020. People of all ages can be infected with SARS-CoV-2, but those aged 60 or above and those with underlying medical conditions are more prone to develop severe symptoms that may lead to death. Patients with severe infection usually experience a hyper pro-inflammatory immune reaction (i.e., cytokine storm) causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has been shown to be the leading cause of death in COVID-19 patients. However, the factors associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, resistance and severity remain poorly understood. In this review, we thoroughly explore the correlation between various host, viral and environmental markers, and SARS-CoV-2 in terms of susceptibility and severity.

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Inanimate surfaces as potential source of 2019-nCoV spread and their disinfection with biocidal agents

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Contamination of inert surfaces by SARS-CoV-2: Persistence, stability and infectivity. A review

Contamination of inert surfaces by SARS-CoV-2: Persistence, stability and infectivity. A review

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Consumers' Intention to Use Shared-Mobility Services in German Cities

Markers Associated with COVID-19 Susceptibility, Resistance, and Severity

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