Inbreeding Depression for Global and Partial Economic Indexes, Production, Type, and Functional Traits

Croquet, Coraline; Mayeres, Patrick; Gillon, Alain; Vanderick, Sylvie; Gengler, Nicolas

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72297-4

Cited by 66 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In fact they are somewhat related to other members of the population. There are many ways to estimate the effect of gaps in the pedigree on the coefficient of inbreeding (VanRaden 1992;Croquet et al 2006;Cassell et al 2003). Accurate pedigree records can also be obtained using DNA analysis in case of individuals with unknown parents (Fernandez et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding rate and genetic structure of cat populations in Poland

et al. 2010

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The objective of the study was to analyze effective population size and inbreeding level in populations of cat breeds registered in the Polish Studbook. The Association of Purebred Cat Breeders in Poland provided access to pedigrees of 26725 cats from seven breeds. The most frequent breed was Persian, however increasing tendency in numbers of registered animals from other breeds was recorded in later years. Although the percentage of inbred individuals was increasing over time, mating of close relatives was avoided by most of the breeders, and the average inbreeding coefficient exceeded 5% only for Siberian and Russian breeds. Current analysis suggests that the Polish pedigree cat populations are not threatened by negative effects of inbreeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding rate and genetic structure of cat populations in Poland

et al. 2010

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“…Selection intensity (within breed), a contributing factor to level of inbreeding (Weigel, 2001), has intensified in-line with the progress in reproductive technologies. There is clear evidence that inbreeding negatively affects animal performance, in particular traits associated with fitness and survival (Falconer and Mackey, 1996), and can result in considerable economic loss at farm level (Smith et al, 1998;Croquet et al, 2006). The consistent increase in inbreeding levels may be a cause for concern if inbreeding continues to intensify within a number of straight-bred populations.…”

Section: What Does Crossbreeding Offer?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossbreeding: implications for dairy cow fertility and survival

Buckley

López‐Villalobos

Heins

2014

Animal

102

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In pasture-based seasonal calving systems, failure to become pregnant during the breeding season results in important economic losses as maximum profit is attained by minimising costs and increasing the proportion of grass in the diet of the lactating dairy cow. In the United States, dairy producers primarily strive to maximise production potential but are becoming increasingly aware of the economic consequences of sub-optimal cow fertility and survival. For this reason, interest in crossbreeding is emerging. The objective of this paper is to review the fertility and survival outcomes reported from recent research studies and data analyses in Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. Research conducted in Ireland during the early 2000s concluded that of three 'alternative' dairy breeds the Norwegian Red was most suited to seasonal grass-based production. A key finding was favourable fertility and survival. A follow-up study confirmed a fertility advantage with Norwegian Red × Holstein-Friesian compared with Holstein-Friesian: proportion pregnant to first service; +0.08 and in-calf after 6 weeks breeding; +0.11. Another study found higher fertility with Jersey crossbreds: pregnant to first service; +0.21, and in-calf after 6 weeks breeding; +0.19. Studies conducted in Northern Ireland also found superior fertility performance with Jersey crossbred cows offered low and moderate concentrate diets. In New Zealand, crossbred dairy cattle (primarily Jersey × Friesian) are achieving similar rates of genetic gain for farm profit as the purebred populations, but creating additional gain derived from economic heterosis. In the United States, analysis of commercial data from California showed higher first-service conception rates for Scandinavian Red × Holstein (+6 percentage units) and Montbeliarde × Holstein (+10 percentage units) compared with Holstein (23%). They also exhibited fewer days open and greater survival. At Penn State University, Brown Swiss × Holstein cows had 17 fewer days open than Holstein cows during first lactation, and numerically fewer in second (12 days) and third lactation (6 days). At the University of Minnesota, crossbred cows had 21 percentage units higher first-service conception rates, 41 fewer days open and 12 percentage units higher in-calf rates compared with pure Holstein cows. They also had greater survival to second (+13 percentage units), third (+24 percentage units), fourth (+25 percentage units) and fifth (+17 percentage units) lactation. The literature clearly illustrates favourable animal performance benefits from crossbreeding, using a range of modern breeds, and within the context of both grass-based and high-input confinement production environments. Economic analyses generally indicate profitable performance owing to lower replacement cost and higher herd productivity.

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“…Indirect methods exist, such as those based on mixed model conjugate normal equations (Croquet et al, 2006). However, these methods do not take into account the uncertainty of the gene content used in the mixed model.…”

Section: Validation Through Simulation and Permutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Prediction of Gene Content in Large Animal Populations and its Use for Candidate Gene Detection and Genetic Evaluation

Gengler

Abras

Verkenne

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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To estimate and to use the effects of single genes on quantitative traits, genotypes need to be known. However, in large animal populations, the majority of animals are not genotyped. These missing genotypes have to be estimated. However, currently used methods are impractical for large pedigrees. An alternative method to estimate missing gene content, defined as the number of copies of a particular allele, was recently developed. In this study, the proposed method was tested by assessing its accuracy in estimation and use of gene content in large animal populations. This was done for the bovine transmembrane growth hormone receptor and its effects on first-lactation milk, fat, and protein test-day yields and somatic cell score in Holstein cows. Estimated gene substitution effects of replacing a copy of the phenylalanine-coding allele with a copy of the tyrosine-coding allele were 295 g/d for milk, −8.14 g/d for fat, −1.83 g/d for protein, and −0.022/ d for somatic cell score. However, only the gene substitution effect for milk was found to be significant. The accuracy of the estimated effects was evaluated by simulations and permutations. To validate the use of predicted gene content in a mixed inheritance model, a cross-validation study was done. The model with an additional regression of milk, fat, and protein yields and SCS on predicted gene content showed a better capacity to predict breeding values for milk, fat, and protein. Given these results, the estimation and use of allelic effects using this method proved functional and accurate.

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Inbreeding Depression for Global and Partial Economic Indexes, Production, Type, and Functional Traits

Cited by 66 publications

References 26 publications

Inbreeding rate and genetic structure of cat populations in Poland

Inbreeding rate and genetic structure of cat populations in Poland

Crossbreeding: implications for dairy cow fertility and survival

Accuracy of Prediction of Gene Content in Large Animal Populations and its Use for Candidate Gene Detection and Genetic Evaluation

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