Incidence and distribution of human leptospirosis in the Western Cape Province, South Africa (2010-2019): a retrospective study

Gizamba, Jacob Mugoya; Paul, Lynthia V.; Dlamini, Sipho; Odayar, Jasantha

doi:10.11604/pamj.2023.44.121.34244

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Another study by Gizamba et al (2023) investigated the incidence and distribution of leptospirosis in western Cape Province, South Africa, between 2010 and 2019. The results showed that 68.1% of the patients were males, and the remaining 31.9% were females, with a mean age of 37.0 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current treatment options for leptospirosis: a mini-review

Petakh,

Behzadi,

Oksenych

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Leptospirosis, one of the most common global zoonotic infections, significantly impacts global human health, infecting more than a million people and causing approximately 60,000 deaths annually. This mini-review explores effective treatment strategies for leptospirosis, considering its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and current therapeutic approaches. Emphasis is placed on antibiotic therapy, including recommendations for mild and severe cases, as well as the role of probiotics in modulating the gut microbiota. Furthermore, novel treatment options, such as bacteriophages and newly synthesized/natural compounds, are discussed, and the findings are expected to provide insights into promising approaches for combating leptospirosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that 68.1% of the patients were males, and the remaining 31.9% were females, with a mean age of 37.0 years. They concluded that there was a significant correlation between the incidence of leptospirosis in humans and the age and sex of the patients ( Gizamba et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current treatment options for leptospirosis: a mini-review

Petakh,

Behzadi,

Oksenych

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“… 1 There was an estimated annual incidence of 0.40 cases per 100 000 population in the Western Cape between 2010 and 2019. 2 A recent outbreak in a South African prison revealed leptospira infection in 66.7% of rodents, 3 suggesting that leptospirosis remains under-reported and under-recognised. 4 The disease is frequently overlooked because of the high burden of other illnesses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis and malaria in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 Many animal species are reservoirs for pathogenic leptospires including rodents, domestic animals and livestock. 2 , 4 Leptospirosis varies from mild, self-limiting or asymptomatic infection to life-threatening multisystem illness. 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deeply jaundiced: Not so surgical after all

du Plessis,

Lahri,

Somers

et al. 2023

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Leptospirosis is an under-recognised disease in sub-Saharan Africa and the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. This case report highlights the protean manifestations of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis should be considered in any patient presenting with fever and jaundice, especially when there has been a history of occupational or recreational exposure to water, soil or rodents.Contribution: This case report describes a typical case of leptospirosis, which often presents as a diagnostic dilemma.

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Prevalence and occupational exposure to zoonotic diseases in high-risk populations in the Free State Province, South Africa

van der Westhuizen,

Burt,

van Heerden

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionZoonotic diseases are responsible for 2.5 billion human cases globally and approximately 2.7 million deaths annually. Surveillance of animal handlers and livestock for zoonotic pathogens contributes to understanding the true disease burden and risk factors within a community. This study investigated the prevalence of selected zoonoses in cattle, farm workers and occupational exposure to endemic zoonotic diseases and their associated risk factors.MethodsSputum samples from farmworkers were screened for Mycobacterium bovis. Blood specimens from farmworkers and archived sera were tested for serological evidence of Brucella sp., hantaviruses, and Leptospira sp. Communal and commercial cattle herds were tested for bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis.ResultsMycobacterium bovis was not isolated from human samples. A total of 327 human sera were screened, and 35/327 (10.7%) were Brucella sp. IgG positive, 17/327 (5.2%) Leptospira sp. IgM positive, and 38/327 (11.6%) hantavirus IgG positive (95% CI). A higher proportion of Brucella sp. IgG-positive samples were detected among veterinarians (value of p = 0.0006). Additionally, two cattle from a commercial dairy farm were bovine tuberculosis (bTB) positive using the bTB skin test and confirmatory interferon-gamma assay. A higher percentage of confirmed brucellosis-positive animals were from communal herds (8.7%) compared to commercial herds (1.1%).DiscussionThese findings highlight the brucellosis and M. bovis prevalence in commercial and communal herds, the zoonotic disease risk in commercial and subsistence farming in developing countries, and the occupational and rural exposure risk to zoonotic pathogens.

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Incidence and distribution of human leptospirosis in the Western Cape Province, South Africa (2010-2019): a retrospective study

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Current treatment options for leptospirosis: a mini-review

Current treatment options for leptospirosis: a mini-review

Deeply jaundiced: Not so surgical after all

Prevalence and occupational exposure to zoonotic diseases in high-risk populations in the Free State Province, South Africa

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