Incidence and mortality trends for prostate cancer in 5 French areas from 1982 to 1996

Abstract

After an increase in the 1980s, incidence and mortality for prostate cancer in North America or England and Wales started to decrease in the early 1990s. The reasons for this evolution are widely debated, notably the importance of early detection. This study describes trends of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in 5 areas in France, where practices of early detection for this cancer are widely used. The 5 French administrative areas, covered by a population-based registry, have a total population of approximately 1,700,000 men. Incidence data from these registries were studied for the period 1982-1995, and mortality data were provided by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) for the period 1982-1996. Age-Period-Cohort models by Poisson regression were created to characterize these trends. Between 1982 and 1995, 14,699 cases of prostate cancer were registered by the 5 registries under consideration. After a little intensification of the increase in 1987, undoubtedly due to early detection (notably using ProstateSpecific Antigen), the trend of the incidence seems to reverse from 1993. Mortality increased monotonically from 1982-1990 by an average of 1.8% per year, before decreasing annually by an average of 3.3% until 1996. Poisson regressions indicated a period effect on both incidence and mortality data; a small, but significant, cohort effect exists for incidence evolution, showing that elements such as etiologic factors may have an influence. Until results of randomized studies on mass screening are available, the question of individual screening remains; improved knowledge of risk factors could be interesting.

Incidence trends of prostate cancer in East Anglia, before and during the era of PSA diagnostic testing

“…A study from Table 1 Incidence of registered prostate cancer per 100 000 men-years by age group and period of diagnosis, NSC, 1971NSC, -2000 Period of diagnosis Age group 1971Age group -1975Age group 1976Age group -1980Age group 1981Age group -1985Age group 1986Age group -1990Age group 1991Age group -1995Age group 1996Age group -2000 4 -64 48 75 89 92 119 177 65 -69 120 151 171 189 267 371 70 -74 236 255 323 365 432 525 75 -79 375 437 469 548 692 734 80 -84 445 527 566 807 934 847 85 -89 629 735 707 897 1088 1004 Crude Denmark (Moller, 2001) from 1943 to 1996 indicated a stronger dependency on period than on birth cohort. An APC analysis from five French administrative areas, covered by population-based registry, from 1982 to 1995 showed period effects and a small but significant cohort effect (Chirpaz et al, 2002). If the difference between observed and predicted number of cases was due to a new detection modality, such as PSA testing, then we might expect the effect of this detection modality to be larger than 6% especially after 1995.…”

Prostate Cancer Incidence in Turkey: An Epidemiological Study

“…In Turkey, there was no reliable data on the prostate cancer incidence until the publication of the first extensive epidemiological study carried out in Izmir, the third largest city of Turkey, between 1993and 2002(Cal et al, 2009. Although it may not represent the whole country, the study reported prostate cancer to be the fifth most common cancer in Izmir with age-standardized incidence of 8.9/100.000 during the 1993-1997 time period.…”

“…It has been reported as a rare disease in Asia and Africa (approximately four-seven per 100,000) while it is frequently diagnosed as an ageing-related malignancy preferentially occurring in certain ethnic groups especially in the West (70-100 cases per 100,000 in Nordic European countries and North America) (Quaglia et al, 2003;Bostwick et al, 2004;Cheng and Sim, 2005;Wang et al, 2011). Indeed, with ageing populations and increasing use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, a sharp increase in the incidence of prostate cancer has been documented in the high-risk countries in the past decade (Majeed and Burgess, 1994;Potosky et al, 1995;Chirpaz et al, 2002). While the increasing age, race and family history are the only established risk factors, the incidence patterns in various countries and races indicate that the pathogenesis involves interplay between environmental and genetic factors (Henry et al, 2008).…”

Decline in Human Cancer Incidence Rates at Old Ages: Age-Period-Cohort Considerations

“…The applications focus mainly on the incidence rates for specific sites. Among some recent APC analyses of different cancers are Chirpaz et al (2002) (prostate cancer), Colonna et al (2002) (thyroid cancer), Ho et al (2002) (oropharyngeal cancer), Lambert et al (2002) (stomach cancer), Peng et al (2002) (breast and colorectal cancer), Svensson et al (2002) (colorectal cancer), Tarone and Chu (2002) (breast cancer), Liu et al (2003) (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), McGlynn et al (2003) (testicular germ cell tumors), Strickler et al (2003) (mesothelioma). Virtually all "popular" cancer sites are analyzed by means of APC modeling.…”