Incidence and Occurrence Pattern of Viruses on Peppers Growing in Fields in Korea

Abstract

Field surveys to investigate the incidence and occurrence pattern of viruses in red pepper were conducted during 2015-2016 in Korea. A total of 424 samples in 2015 and 368 samples in 2016 were collected based on selection of plants showing symptoms from farmer's field from every June to September. Reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction was used to test all samples for the presence of one or more of following viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Potato virus Y (PVY) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). The average disease incidence was 91.7% in 2015 and 98% in 2016 and the all seven viruses were found although there were different kinds of regions. The percent virus incidence in collected samples during 2015 was as follows:

Visual tracking of viral infection dynamics reveals the synergistic interactions between cucumber mosaic virus and broad bean wilt virus 2

“…This synergism in CMV and BBWV2 infection dynamics might be linked to their transmission dynamics because both viruses can be transmitted by the same aphid vectors 36,37 . Previously, eld surveys have reported that CMV and BBWV2 are highly prevalent in pepper elds in South Korea and that the incidence of mixed infection by the two viruses is higher than 50% 34,35 . While further in-depth studies are required to understand the basis of synergistic interactions between CMV and BBWV2 in vector-mediated transmission dynamics, uorescently tagged recombinant viruses, such as CMV-iLOV and BBWV2-stagRFP, can be used as powerful tools for the examination of viral transmissibility and virus-vector interactions under single and mixed infection conditions.…”

“…Mixed infections with two or more viruses are common in pepper elds 34,35 . BBWV2 is another prevalent virus in pepper elds in South Korea 34,35 .…”

“…Mixed infections with two or more viruses are common in pepper elds 34,35 . BBWV2 is another prevalent virus in pepper elds in South Korea 34,35 . Both CMV and BBWV2 are transmitted by aphids in a nonpersistent manner 36,37 .…”

Comparative Study of Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics to Reveal Microbiomes in Overwintering Pepper Fruits

“…Anthraconse caused by Colletotrichum species, powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica, southern blight caused by Sclerotinia species, phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora species, and gray mold caused by Botrytis species are the most well-known pathogenic fungi in red pepper growing [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) are major viruses infecting pepper, causing chlorosis, light brown flecks, mosaic disease, and multiple ring spots on the infected leaves and fruits [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus

“…CMV is a type species of the genus Cucumovirus , in the family Bromoviridae and it has a wide host range of more than 1,071 species belonging to 521 genera from 100 families and is transmitted by 80 species of aphids ( Palukaitis and García-Arenal, 2003 ; Yoon et al, 2019 ). CMV in chili pepper is the most wide-spread virus in South Korea ( Cho et al, 2007 ; Choi et al, 2005 ; Kwon et al, 2018 ; Lee et al, 2015 ), severe symptoms were attributed to CMV infection such as mosaic, stunting growth, distortion and a characteristic shoestring like leaf appearance ( Sudhakar et al, 2007 ). Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is also one of the major viruses in pepper species ( Capsicum spp.)…”