Incidence and Patterns of Congenital Heart Disease Among Jordanian Infants, a Cohort Study From a University Tertiary Center

Abstract

Background: Data is limited about the incidence of congenital heart disease in Jordan. The goal of this study is to determine the incidence and patterns of congenital heart diseases (CHD) among Jordanian infants evaluated at King Abdullah University Hospital. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all infants who had an echocardiogram evaluation in the 3-years period July 2016-June 2019. All included infants had a 2-dimentional echocardiogram with a Doppler vascular study performed by the same cardiologist. Infants with a structural congenital heart disease were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 1,028 infants were evaluated at the cardiology department during the study period. Eight hundred and sixty-five had an abnormal echo finding. Two hundred and ninety-eighth were diagnosed with CHD. The incidence of CHD was 25 per 1000 live births. Fifty one percent were premature infants. The majority of cases were mild CHD. Patent ductus arteriosus was the most common acyanotic lesion followed by ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect with a prevalence of 44, 25, and 25%, respectively. Cyanotic CHD constituted 6% of all CHD. Tetralogy of Fallott was the most common cyanotic CHD. The main indication for referral was hearing a heart murmur during physical examination. Conclusion: Although the incidence of CHD in our cohort was relatively high, the majority of cases were acyanotic mild CHD with favorable prognosis. A wider population-based study is needed to evaluate the incidence and better understand the patterns and distribution of CHD at a national level.

Spectrum of cyanotic congenital heart disease in full term neonates attending paediatric cardiology clinic of a Tertiary Cardiac Care Centre.

“…In our study Tetralogy of Fallot was the most common cyanotic structural heart defect with frequency of 25.3%. This observation is consistent with different studies conducted in Jordan 11,12 , India 13,14,4 , Pakistan 15,16 , and globally. 17 TGA was the most common CCHD in neonatal period (27.9%) in a study conducted in Srinagar.…”

Characteristics of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

“…4 The second most common type of cyanotic CHD is TGA, with a prevalence of about 7% of all CHD events TGA cases. 5 Studies by Zhao et al 12 in China, Meshram and Gajimwar 14 in India, and Khasawneh et al 18 in Jordan found that TOF and TGA had the highest prevalence, respectively. This study had the same results as the theory and several previous studies.…”

“…Khasawneh et al also mentioned that murmurs and cyanosis are the most common clinical signs and symptoms and are the main referral indications in cyanotic CHD patients. 18,19 Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the concentration of reduced hemoglobin in the bloodstream. 20 In patients with cyanotic CHD, a shunt occurs from right to left and there is a mixing of oxygen-rich blood with carbon-dioxide-rich blood so that the blood flowing throughout the body has decreased oxygen saturation, resulting in manifestations of cyanosis in the patient.…”

Pattern of congenital heart diseases among children attending a pediatric cardiology OPD of a tertiary level hospital in West Bengal, India: a retrospective study

“…This finding is also consistent with other studies done in India and outside. 15,16 In both cyanotic and acyanotic CHDs, the post tricuspid anomalies were most prevalent. VSD, PDA, APW were the most common anomalies in acyanotic group, whereas the TOF, TOF-PA, TETCANAL group of anomalies were the most common cyanotic anomalies.…”