Incidence and Prevalence of Central Precocious Puberty in Korea: An Epidemiologic Study Based on a National Database

Kim, Ye Jin; Kwon, Ah Reum; Jung, Mo Kyung; Kim, Ki Eun; Suh, Jin‐Suck; Chae, Hyun Wook; Kim, Duk Hee; Ha, Sangmi; Seo, Gi Hyeon; Kim, Ho-Seong

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.12.022

Cited by 114 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…26 The subsequent Korean national study reported an increase from 8.94 per 10 000 girls to 41.53 per 10 000 girls and from 0.16 per 10 000 boys to 1.47 per 10 000 boys between 2008 and 2014. 26,27 The mean incidence of CPP was several fold higher in these Korean studies compared with our data. Given that these the studies did not use the same inclusion criteria, direct comparisons can only be made with caution, but these differences may potentially indicate the importance of ethnicity in this condition.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…While national data for CPP are sparse, 5 other studies (3 in Europe 22,24,25 and 2 in Korea 26,27 ) have reported the incidence of CPP (Table 1). In contrast to our previous study, 22 in which no upward trend in the annual incidence of CPP was detected during a 9-year period from 1993 to 2001 in girls or boys, 22 our new data during the 20-year period from 1998 to 2017 demonstrate a 3-fold and 2-fold increased incidence of CPP in girls and boys, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in the Incidence of Central Precocious Puberty and Normal Variant Puberty Among Children in Denmark, 1998 to 2017

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE There has been a worldwide secular trend toward earlier onset of puberty in the general population. However, it remains uncertain if these changes are paralleled with increased incidence of central precocious puberty (CPP) and normal variant puberty (ie, premature thelarche [PT] and premature adrenarche [PA]) because epidemiological evidence on the time trends in the incidence of these puberty disorders is scarce. OBJECTIVE To provide valid epidemiological data on the 20-year secular trend in the incidence rates of CPP and normal variant puberty. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based, 20-year cohort study used national registry data for all youth in Denmark registered with an incident diagnosis of CPP, PT, or PA in the Danish National Patient Registry from 1998 to 2017 (N = 8596) using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). We applied the maximum diagnostic age limit for precocious puberty (ie, onset of puberty before age 8 years for girls and age 9 years for boys) with and without a 12-month lag to address time from first contact to final registration in the Danish National Patient Registry. Data analysis was conducted in 2019. EXPOSURES Diagnosis of CPP, PT, or PA. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The age-specific and sex-specific incidence rates of first-time diagnosis of CPP, PT, and PA were estimated using data from the Danish National Patient Registry from 1998 to 2017, and information about the total number of children at risk within the same age groups and sex from Statistics Denmark. Incidences were stratified according to immigration group (Danish origin, first-generation immigrant, second-generation immigrant). RESULTS Overall a total 8596 children (7770 [90.4%] girls; median [interquartile] age at diagnosis for boys, 8.0 [7.1-9.0] years; for girls, 8.0 [7.6-8.5] years) were registered with an incident diagnosis of CPP, PT, or PA, of whom 7391 (86.0%) had Danish origin (6671 [90.3%] girls), corresponding to 370 new cases in children with Danish origin per year. The 20-year mean annual incidence rates of CPP, PT, PA, and all 3 conditions per 10 000 girls with Danish origin were 9.2 (95% CI, 8.0 to 10.3), 1.1 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.5), 1.3 (95% CI, 0.9 to 1.7), and 11.5 (95% CI, 10.3 to 12.8), respectively. For boys with Danish origin, the 20-year mean annual incidence rates per 10 000 boys were lower: 0.9 (95% CI, 0.6 to 1.2), 0.2 (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.4), and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.4) for CPP, PA, and the sum, respectively.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the Incidence of Central Precocious Puberty and Normal Variant Puberty Among Children in Denmark, 1998 to 2017

et al. 2020

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“…Exclusion criteria included sliding testes, retractable testes, intraperitoneal cryptorchidism, testicular atrophy (intraoperatively, cystic dermoid tissue was found at the end of the spermatic cord vessels but no testicular parenchyma), testicular ectopia, recurrent cryptorchidism (patients who had undergone cryptorchidopexy before this study, but were admitted to the hospital with postoperative recurrent cryptorchidism within the time limit of this study), bilateral cryptorchidism, and other systemic or severe systemic diseases. Earlier than normal sexual maturation has been reported in some patients with cryptorchidism [ 20 ]. Therefore, we reviewed patients’ drug history, detailed physical examination records, imaging results, and serum levels of thyroid and sex hormones (if available) to ensure that increased testicular volume due to drugs or precocious puberty was excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‑Dimensional Ultrasonography in Preoperative and Postoperative Volume Assessment of the Undescended Testicle

You

Zhuang

et al. 2020

Med Sci Monit

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Background Ultrasound (US) is the preferred imaging method for cryptorchidism, but most guidelines indicate that its value is questionable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of ultrasonic mobility and testicular atrophy index (TAI) based on three-dimensional US (3DUS) in preoperative and postoperative assessment of the undescended testis. Material/Methods Data from 158 children with unilateral extraperitoneal cryptorchidism were collected and their diagnoses were surgically confirmed. They were divided into different age groups and into 2 ultrasonic mobility groups: the mobile group (MG) and the restricted group (RG). Differences in sonographic characteristics between different groups were compared. Three-dimensional ultrasound performed with virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) was used to determined preoperative and postoperative TAI and the reliability of TAI was analyzed. Results Measurement of testicular volume with the VOCAL method was significantly more reliable than that done with the two-dimensional Lambert method. In all age groups, preoperative testicular volumes were smaller than that in the contralateral scrotal testis and postoperatively, they increased steadily. Both preoperative and postoperative TAI were higher in the RG than in the MG. In the MG, postoperative TAI decreased significantly in all age groups. In the RG, in contrast, effective volume growth was only achieved in patients who had undergone surgery before they reached age 1 year. Conclusions TAI values determined with 3DUS using the VOCAL technique objectively reflect recovery of testicular volume following surgery for undescended testicle. Ultrasonic mobility evaluation is beneficial for clinical management of the condition.

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“…1) The overall incidence and prevalence of CPP in Korea are 122.8 in 100,000 (262.8 in girls and 7.0 in boys) and 193.2 in 100,000 (410.6 in girls and 10.9 in boys), respectively, indicating a higher incidence and prevalence in girls. 2) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is a widely used CPP treatment option with established evidence for its safety and efficacy. 3) GnRHa therapy has been reported to effectively and selectively inhibit gonadal sex hormone levels in adolescents with CPP, restoring final adult height.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in body mass index in boys with central precocious puberty over 2 years of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy

Lim

Lee

Hwang

2020

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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Incidence and Prevalence of Central Precocious Puberty in Korea: An Epidemiologic Study Based on a National Database

Cited by 114 publications

References 30 publications

Trends in the Incidence of Central Precocious Puberty and Normal Variant Puberty Among Children in Denmark, 1998 to 2017

Trends in the Incidence of Central Precocious Puberty and Normal Variant Puberty Among Children in Denmark, 1998 to 2017

Three‑Dimensional Ultrasonography in Preoperative and Postoperative Volume Assessment of the Undescended Testicle

Changes in body mass index in boys with central precocious puberty over 2 years of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy

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