Incidence and Prevalence of Head and Neck Pathological Spectrum in a Pediatric Population

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of pediatric pathologies and their distribution according to age, gender, site and types of lesions reported over a period of 2004 - 2019 in two prominent Dental Colleges at Western UP, India. Material and Methods: All the cases of pediatric pathology were retrospectively analyzed and reviewed that reported in the Department of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery of 2 prominent dental colleges of Western UP, India. All consecutive patients (< 18 years), between 2004 to 2019, histologically diagnosed as having an intraosseous tumor or tumor-like lesions and cystic lesion, vascular lesions, patients with space infections and hardware infection formed the study population. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were only considered for further study. The study was granted an exemption by the institutes. The entire study material was analyzed and grouped into prominent categories for logical conclusions: The accumulated data was grouped, entered, and analyzed. Results: One hundred two cases fulfilled the criteria. Gender distribution was equal, with mandible predominance and a predominance of non-odontogenic lesions. There were 4 malignant and 57 benign conditions. There were 23 lesions in the anterior jaw and 38 lesions were present in the posterior jaw. Conclusion: The pattern of pediatric pathology presentation from this part of India has been documented. In this study, the pediatric jaw tumors are less common compared to those in adult jaw tumors with non-odontogenic tumors being more common.

Intraosseous jaw lesions

“…Intra-osseous jaw cysts constituted 19.34% of all accessioned cases which is comparable to several previous studies,[ 10 20 21 29 ] even though certain studies did report lower relative frequencies for jaw cysts. [ 1 5 6 9 19 ] In all intraosseous jaw lesions, jaw cysts comprised 61.15% which is lower than in previous studies. [ 20 24 29 ] Odontogenic cysts constituted 96.73% of the cystic lesions after excluding cysts not otherwise specified, which is comparable to previous studies.…”

“…However, it is somewhat difficult to compare the findings of the present study with the previous ones due to different classifications and inclusion criteria used. Most of the previous studies focused on the specific groups of lesions such as odontogenic or nonodontogenic cysts,[ 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ] odontogenic or nonodontogenic tumors[ 11 12 13 14 ] or individual cyst[ 15 ] and tumor,[ 16 ] while others on the specific groups such as pediatric participants[ 17 18 19 ] or participants in the specific geographical areas. [ 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 ]…”

“…[ 20 24 29 ] Odontogenic cysts constituted 96.73% of the cystic lesions after excluding cysts not otherwise specified, which is comparable to previous studies. [ 5 7 8 9 19 20 21 23 28 32 ] The most prevalent odontogenic cyst was radicular cyst followed by dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst. This finding is in accordance with several previous studies.…”

“…[ 4 5 10 20 21 24 26 27 29 31 33 ] Studies on pediatric intra-osseous jaw lesions including the present study revealed that dentigerous cyst was the most common lesion. [ 18 19 ] However, study by Del Corso et al . [ 7 ] revealed that radicular cyst slightly outnumbered dentigerous cyst, but they used 18 years and younger as a cut off point for paediatric subjects which is different from 16 years and younger in the present study.…”

“…There have been numerous studies on the intra-osseous jaw lesions, but most of them focused on the specific groups of lesions such as odontogenic or nonodontogenic cysts,[ 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ] odontogenic or nonodontogenic tumors[ 11 12 13 14 ] or individual cyst[ 15 ] and tumor,[ 16 ] while others are based upon specific groups such as pediatric patients[ 17 18 19 ] or patients in the specific geographical areas. [ 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 ] The relative frequency of the intra-osseous jaw lesions differs since demographic, cultural, ethnic and geographical differences do exist.…”