Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among persons who inject drugs in New York City: 2006–2013

Jordan, Ashly E.; Jarlais, Don C. Des; Arasteh, Kamyar; McKnight, Courtney; Nash, Denis; Perlman, David C.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.039

Cited by 46 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The rate of HCV infected patients did not markedly differ from the 50-90% typically found in i.v. drug users or OMT patients (EMCDDA, 2012;Jordan et al, 2015). This could partly be explained by the fact that HCV infection rates are already high in younger (< 25 years) and in newly (< 2 years) injecting drug users (EMCDDA 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Outcomes of Patients in Long-Term Opioid Maintenance Treatment

Zippel-Schultz

Specka

Cimander³

et al. 2016

Substance Use & Misuse

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The sample as a whole was characterized by stable living conditions, high unemployment, low illicit opiate use, and a high retention rate. Continuation of OMT could enable further treatment of comorbidity and prevent resumption of a drug-dominated lifestyle. But it may well be asked how within the context of OMT further improvements can be achieved, especially with regard to further decrease of alcohol use and the treatment of depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Outcomes of Patients in Long-Term Opioid Maintenance Treatment

Zippel-Schultz

Specka

Cimander³

et al. 2016

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…39 These methods have been used in other recent studies. 40,41 Two opposing factors were considered when deciding which PWID to include in estimates of incidence. Including PWID with more years injecting increases sample size and allows for examination of a key assumption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Prevalence, Estimated Incidence, and Risk Behaviors Among People Who Inject Drugs in Kenya

Kurth

Cleland

Jarlais

et al. 2015

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Objective HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa increasingly occurs among people who inject drugs (PWID). Kenya is one of the first to implement a national needle and syringe program (NSP). Our study undertook a baseline assessment as part of evaluating NSP in a seek, test, treat, and retain approach. Methods Participants enrolled May–December 2012 from 10 sites. Respondent-driven sampling was used to reach n=1,785 PWID for HIV-1 prevalence and viral load determination and survey data. Results Estimated HIV prevalence, adjusted for differential network size and recruitment relationships, was 14.5% in Nairobi (95% CI 10.8–18.2) and 20.5% in the Coast region (95% CI 17.3–23.6). Viral load (log10 transformed) in Nairobi ranged from 1.71 to 6.12 (median 4.41; IQR 3.51–4.94) and in the Coast from 1.71 to 5.88 (median 4.01; IQR 3.44–4.72). Using log10 viral load 2.6 as a threshold for HIV viral suppression, the percentage of HIV-infected participants with viral suppression was 4.2% in Nairobi and 4.6% in the Coast. Heroin was the most commonly injected drug in both regions, used by 93% of participantsin the past month typically injecting 2–3 times/day. Receptive needle/syringe sharing at last injection was more common in Nairobi (23%) than the Coast (4%). Estimated incidence among new injectors was 2.5/100 person-years in Nairobi and 1.6/100 person-years in the Coast. Conclusion The HIV epidemic is well-established among PWID in both Nairobi and Coast regions. Public health scale implementation of combination HIV prevention has the potential to greatly limit the epidemic in this vulnerable and bridging population.

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“…Reinfection was associated with injection drug use following treatment and older age, the latter appearing to be related to older age and shorter time since injecting onset among PWID with reinfection. Recent onset of injection drug use has been associated with HCV acquisition, though typically among young PWID . The increased risk of reinfection seen with injection drug use post‐treatment in association with use of unsterile needles and syringes highlights the need for education and broad access to harm reduction and prevention strategies in concert with HCV treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCV reinfection incidence among individuals treated for recent infection

Martinello¹,

Grebely²,

Petoumenos³

et al. 2017

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Background and aims One challenge to HCV elimination through therapeutic intervention is reinfection. The aim of this analysis was to calculate the incidence of HCV reinfection among both HIV-positive and negative individuals treated for recent HCV infection (estimated infection duration <18 months). Methods Individuals with recent HCV infection who achieved an end-of-treatment response in four open-label studies between 2004 and 2015 in Australia and New Zealand were assessed for HCV reinfection, confirmed by sequencing of the Core-E2 and/or NS5B regions. Reinfection incidence was calculated using person-time of observation. Exact Poisson regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with HCV reinfection. Results The cohort at-risk for reinfection (n=120; 83% male; median age 36 years) was composed of HIV-positive men-who-have-sex-with-men (53%) and people who inject drugs (current 49%, ever 69%). Total follow-up time at-risk was 135 person-years (median 1.08 years, range 0.17, 2.53). Ten cases of HCV reinfection were identified, for an incidence of 7.4 per 100 py (95% CI 4.0, 13.8). Reinfection incidence was significantly higher amongst participants who reported injection drug use at end of or post-treatment, irrespective of HIV status (15.5 per 100 py, 95% CI 7.8, 31.1). In adjusted analysis, factors associated with reinfection were older age (aIRR 5.3, 95% CI 1.15, 51.5, p=0.042) and injection drug use at end of or post-treatment (aIRR 7.9, 95%CI 1.6, 77.2, p=0.008). Conclusions High reinfection incidence following treatment for recent HCV infection in individuals with ongoing risk behaviour emphasises the need for post-treatment surveillance, harm reduction strategies and education in at-risk populations.

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Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among persons who inject drugs in New York City: 2006–2013

Cited by 46 publications

References 45 publications

Outcomes of Patients in Long-Term Opioid Maintenance Treatment

Outcomes of Patients in Long-Term Opioid Maintenance Treatment

HIV Prevalence, Estimated Incidence, and Risk Behaviors Among People Who Inject Drugs in Kenya

HCV reinfection incidence among individuals treated for recent infection

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