Incidence and risk factors of catheter‐associated urinary tract infection in Yazd – Iran

Abstract

Catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common nosocomial infection, accounting for more than 1 million cases each year in the US hospitals and nursing homes. The significant number of infections and dissemination of resistant bacteria in hospitals make it important to find ways to decrease their incidence. The aim of the study was to describe the incidence and risk factors of CAUTIs. A cohort study was conducted from 2003 to 2008 on every patient who became catheterized consecutively. Variables included age, sex, indications for catheterization, antimicrobials usage, duration of catheterization and hospital stay, and type and colony count of microorganism. The incidence was 21·8%, the risk factor identified was duration of catheterization [relative risk 1·213, 95% CI (1·053–1·398)] while usage of antimicrobials was protective [relative risk 0·433, 95% CI (0·237–0·792)]. Organisms isolated were: Esherichia coli 23%, Enterobacter 8·1%, Staphylococcus aureus 10·8%, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa 5·4%, coagulase negative Staphylococcus 9·4%, klebsiella 4%, Proteus mirabilis 2·8%, yeasts 9·46%, Enterococcus 4%, Acinetobacter 1·4% and mixed growth of bacteria 21·6%. The incidence of CAUTI was slightly higher than in the studies from the developing countries. Daily monitoring to decrease duration of catheterization is reemphasized.

Risk Factors Analysis for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Medan, Indonesia

“…Not surprisingly, we found that more than 60year-old have more risk to suffer from catheterassociated urinary tract infection. It is consistent with theories of immunosenescence [22] and the previous study [21] with cohort study that high rates catheterassociated urinary tract infection in elderly patients with average age 64.6 years.…”

“…Duration of catheterisation was the most influential independent factor with catheter-associated urinary tract infection. It has been shown in another study [21], [28], [29]. The odds of the duration of catheterisation 32.85 higher for a patient who inserted a catheter for five days or more.…”

“…The same opportunities to have catheterassociated urinary tract infection were caused by personal hygiene. The poor personal hygiene in the male and female, especially the genital area had risk suffer from disease-related infection [21].…”

Comparative Study of Incidence Rates and Antibiogram of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Intensive Care Unit Versus Non-Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

“…Risk factors associated with the development of CAUTI include female gender, age, impaired immunity, co-morbidity, and increased duration of catheterization [6]. On the contrary, our study found no significant association of CAUTI with age, gender, and BMI.…”

“…Risk factors in the development of a CAUTI identified so far are female gender, obesity, immune deficiency, duration of catheter use, length of hospital stay, and unnecessary placement of urinary catheters [6]. Duration of catheterization remains a significant factor in predicting CAUTI and each day of catheterization increases the risk of CAUTI by 3-10% [7].…”