Incidence and risk of anemia in type-2 diabetic patients in the absence of renal impairment

Abstract

Aim: To determine the incidence of anemia in type-2 diabetic patients with normal renal function and assess the association of other factors related to diabetes with the risk of anemia. Methods: The study group comprised 72 patients with type-2 diabetes. Patients were divided into groups according to glycemic control, gender and age. Serum creatinine, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of subjects were measured. The presence of anemia was defined by a hemoglobin level < 13.0 g/dL in men and <12.0 g/dL in women. Normal renal function (i.e. absence of renal impairment) was defined as serum creatinine level < 1.5 mg/dL. Results: 15.3% of the patients had anemia. The odds of developing anemia was higher in patients with poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1c > 7.5%) compared to those with controlled diabetes (≤7.5%) and in patients of age ≥ 60 yrs compared to those of age < 60 yrs (p < 0.05). The odds of anemia was similar in males and females (p = 0.26). Conclusion: This study indicated that poor glycemic control and old age are associated with the incidence of anemia in type-2 diabetics with normal renal function. Our findings suggest that treatment criteria for diabetes should include routine hematological tests and take into consideration the inevitable consequences of ageing, and poor glycemic control.

Anemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) and its association with vitamin B12 deficiency

“…Erythropoietin production and release is regulated in part by autonomic nervous system, suggesting that erythropoietin production could be prematurely impaired in patients with poor glycemic control with diabetic autonomic neuropathy. 11 The majority of the study population had macrocytic (40%), while fewer had microcytic (33.8%), normocytic (16.9%) anemia and dimorphic anemia (9.2%).…”

“…39.4% patients were anemic, among those 80% presented with Normocytic Normochromic, because of the renal involvement. Hematological profile and its significance in T2DM patients were also studied by Thomas SC, 10 Adejumo BI, 11 Bharathi K. 2 In these studies, most of the patients presented with Normocytic and Microcytic anemia, which is due to renal involvement and impaired erythropoietinproduction and release as a result of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Risk of anemia increases significantly with deterioration of renal function.…”

Relationship between hepcidin and GDF15 in anemic patients with type 2 diabetes without overt renal impairment

“…Some studies have reported the incidence of anemic T2DM patients as approximately 15%. Adejumo et al reported the incidence of anemia in T2DM without renal impairment as 15.3% and that poorly controlled diabetes (elevated HbA1c) and old age were correlated with the anemia [16]. Many studies have validated the risk factors for anemia in T2DM without renal impairment.…”

Anemia its presence and severity in type 2 DM and its relationship with micro and macro vascular complications

“…16 A previous study reported a 15.3% incidence of anemia in participants with diabetes without renal insufficiency. 17 The study added that patients who have poorly controlled diabetes were at greater risk of anemia then those with controlled diabetics. Another study reported that 7.2% of diabetics with normal renal function had anemia.…”