Incidence and Risk of Depression Associated with Diabetes in Adults: Evidence from Longitudinal Studies

Abstract

This meta-analysis examined depression as a consequence of diabetes by conducting a meta-analysis, using data from longitudinal studies. Databases were systematically searched for relevant studies. Incidence of depression is presented as cumulative incident proportion (CIP). Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects model. The data were reconstructed to compute relative risk (RR) and CIP. The 16 studies selected for review generated 16 datasets of which 11 studies reporting binary estimates (RR) and 5 studies reporting time-to-event estimates [hazard ratio (HR)]. Both RR and HR were significant at 1.27 (95% CI 1.17-1.38) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.08-1.40) for incident depression associated with diabetes mellitus. Our observations also revealed greater cumulative incidence of depression in diabetes than in non diabetes groups. Our study shows that diabetes is a significant risk factor for the onset of depression.

The association between insulin resistance, metabolic variables, and depressive symptoms in Mexican‐American elderly: A population‐based study

“…Depressive symptoms are common in patients with cardio‐metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies showed that the presence of diabetes significantly increases the risk of depressive symptoms by 15% to 50% in the general population, and specifically among older adults . Obesity and the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome are also associated with 40% to 50% higher risk of depression compared with subjects without metabolic syndrome .…”

“…Recent studies showed that the presence of diabetes significantly increases the risk of depressive symptoms by 15% to 50% in the general population, and specifically among older adults. [1][2][3] Obesity and the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome are also associated with 40% to 50% higher risk of depression compared with subjects without metabolic syndrome. [4][5][6] The mechanisms by which cardio-metabolic disorders increase the risk of depression are not clear but may involve intrinsic biological changes and psychological responses to the disease.…”

Implementing and feasibility testing depression screening using the electronic medical record for patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the hospital

“…Patients with diabetes experience a higher risk of developing depression (Hasan, Manmun, Clavarino, & Kairuz, ; Hsu et al, ). Depression in adults with diabetes may negatively affect their self‐management and adherence to diabetes treatment, which may lead to poor glycaemic control and microvascular and macrovascular complications (Cummings et al, ; Shah, Mezzio, Ho, & Ip, ; Singh, Khullar, Singh, Kaur, & Mastana, ).…”

Achieving glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a critical comparison of current options

“…Peripheral neuropathy, which is highly prevalent in older people with diabetes, increases the risk of falls and fractures, and consequently, of functional impairment 2. Diabetes in older people is also associated with dementia and depression 3,4. Diabetic patients with depressive symptoms may need more attention in treating their condition,5 particularly women 6.…”