Incidence and size of pretreatment overlap and posttreatment gingival embrasure space between maxillary central incisors

Bürke, S.; Burch, Jennie; Tetz, James A.

doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(94)70013-3

Cited by 54 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1 Despite the high esthetic demands of adult orthodontic patients, previous studies reported a relatively high incidence of 38 to 43.7% of open gingival embrasures. [1][2][3][4] Several causes, such as stretching of the interdental transseptal gingival fibers during orthodontic treatment, have been suggested. 1,3 In addition, other factors, including periodontal response, tooth form, amount of crowding, alveolar bone height, angle formed between the roots of adjacent teeth, and age, could contribute to open gingival embrasures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Several causes, such as stretching of the interdental transseptal gingival fibers during orthodontic treatment, have been suggested. 1,3 In addition, other factors, including periodontal response, tooth form, amount of crowding, alveolar bone height, angle formed between the roots of adjacent teeth, and age, could contribute to open gingival embrasures. 1 Open gingival embrasures are most commonly located between the maxillary central incisors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Stripping or root axis control can be used for treatment. 3 Hyaluronic acid filler has been shown to be able to fill open gingival embrasures in an in vivo model. 6 Most previous studies have not taken the complex implications of tooth movement into consideration when evaluating open gingival embrasures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with open gingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment

Choi

Kim

et al. 2018

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objectives: To investigate the incidence of and contributing factors to open gingival embrasures between the central incisors after orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred posttreatment patients (29 men and 71 women; mean age, 24.7 years) were divided retrospectively into occurrence and nonoccurrence groups based on intraoral photographs. Based on the severity, the occurrence group was further divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Parameters from periapical radiographs, superimposed lateral cephalograms, and study models were compared between the occurrence and the nonoccurrence groups by using independent t-tests and were also analyzed on the basis of severity via analysis of variance. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the contributing factors to open gingival embrasures. Results:The incidence of open gingival embrasures between the central incisors was 22% and 36% in the maxilla and the mandible, respectively. Lingual movement of the incisors, distance from the contact point to the alveolar crest after treatment, antero-posterior overlap of the two central incisors before treatment in the maxilla, and distance from the contact point to the alveolar crest after treatment in the mandible were significantly associated with the occurrence of open gingival embrasures (P , .05). In the mandible, the amount of intrusion was significantly related to severity (P , .05). Conclusions:The incidence of open gingival embrasures following orthodontic tooth movement is high. Therefore, attention should be paid to the contributing factors to prevent or reduce the occurrence of open gingival embrasures. (Angle Orthod. 2018;88:267-274.)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with open gingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment

Choi

Kim

et al. 2018

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…There are various factors involved in their occurrence, such as accentuated inclination of the incisors, artistic bends, elongation of the interdental gingival fibers or loss of bone mass during treatment (PITHON et al, 2012b;PITHON et al, 2013a). Other discussions have pointed out that the appearance of black spaces may also be related to poor oral hygiene, leading the loss of periodontal attachment and as a consequence, gingival recession (BURKE et al, 1994;PITHON et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black spaces between maxillary incisors: what is the aesthetic limit?

Pithon¹,

Santos²,

Barreto³

et al. 2015

Biosci. J.

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ABSTRACT:The focus of this article was evaluates the degree of perception of laypersons of different age groups with respect to smile esthetics in cases involving black spaces between maxillary incisors. Changes were made in a photograph of a smiling female patient, simulating various configurations of black spaces between maxillary incisors. For this purpose an image manipulation Photoshop CS3 was used. For evaluation black spaces of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mm in size were created. After digital manipulation, the photographs were printed on photographic paper, attached to a questionnaire, and distributed among laypersons in the age groups of 15-19; 35-44, and 65-74. To evaluate the degree of esthetics, a scale of attractiveness was used, in which a score of 0 would represent ''not very attractive'', 5 ''attractive'' and 10 ''very attractive''. Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test was used (P<0.05). Results showed that the photographs without black space and with black space of 2.5 mm were scored as the most and least attractive, respectively, by all the age groups. The degree of perception of black spaces between maxillary incisors gradually diminished as the age of the groups increased (P<0.05). Black spaces have a negative repercussion on smile esthetics, perceived more easily by younger persons. The larger the black space, less attractive the smile.

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“…3 However, 41.9% of adolescent patients who are treated for maxillary incisor crowding have gingival embrasures. 6 The higher prevalence in adults is related to periodontal disease and periodontal or orthognathic surgery. 1,7 Gingival embrasures change over time, and once filled, embrasures may become open again.…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 99%