Incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection among dogs in a small animal intensive care unit

Smarick, Sean D.; Haskins, Steve C.; Aldrich, Janet; Foley, Janet E.; Kass, Philip H.; Fudge, Mack; Ling, Gerald V.

doi:10.2460/javma.2004.224.1936

Cited by 109 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…A principal vantagem desse método é a sua realização sem a administração de substâncias exógenas e não haver a necessidade do emprego de equipamentos específicos. Entretanto, toda a urina produzida deve ser colhida, e falhas no procedimento de colheita podem resultar em resultados duvidosos (SMARICK et al, 2004).…”

Section: Taxa De Filtração Glomerular (Tfg)unclassified

Testes de avaliação de injúria renal precoce em cães e gatos

2014

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ResumoA identificação de injúrias renais é uma medida importante que tem como objetivo evitar a instalação de alterações irreversíveis, tal como a doença renal crônica, problema de incidência elevada em cães e gatos. As concentrações séricas de ureia e de creatinina são os parâmetros rotineiramente avaliados, quando se busca a identificação de insuficiência renal. Porém, estes valores só se encontram alterados quando 66 a 75% dos néfrons apresentam incapacidade de função excretora. Em muitas situações, uma agressão desta magnitude pode ser suficiente para causar a morte do animal. Avaliações que identifiquem a agressão, antes mesmo que as funções encontrem-se alteradas vêm sendo estudadas, mostrando serem importantes avaliadores precoces de possíveis danos irreversíveis. A quantificação das enzimas urinárias, proteína urinária, fração de excreção de eletrólitos, taxa de filtração glomerular e a observação do sedimento urinário têm grande valor como exames sensíveis de injúria renal precoce. Há a necessidade do emprego de testes que auxiliem, não somente na identificação precoce, mas também na determinação da progressão da doença e da eficácia do tratamento. A presente revisão objetiva descrever os testes laboratoriais que podem ser realizados para a avaliação precoce de injúria renal de cães e gatos. Palavras-chave: Injúria renal, diagnóstico precoce, taxa de filtração glomerular, proteinúria AbstractThe identification of kidney injury is an important measure that aims to prevent the installation of irreversible changes, such as chronic kidney disease, seen most frequently in dogs and cats. Serum urea and creatinine parameters are routinely assessed, when searching renal failure. However, these values are only changed when 66 to 75% of glomerular filtration rate has been lost. In many situations, an attack of this magnitude may be enough to cause the animal's death. Evaluations that identify the aggression, even before the functions themselves are altered, have been studied and shown to be important early evaluators, signaling prior to possible irreversible damage. The quantification of urinary enzymes, urinary protein, fractional excretion of electrolytes, glomerular filtration rate and urinary sediment, have shown great value as sensitive tests of renal injury. There is the need of the use of tests that assists in early diagnosis and also determines the progression of disease and efficacy of the treatment. The present review aims to describe the laboratory tests that may be performed to evaluate early kidney injury in dogs and cats.

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Section: Taxa De Filtração Glomerular (Tfg)unclassified

Testes de avaliação de injúria renal precoce em cães e gatos

2014

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“…Many researchers in veterinary nosocomial infections also included laboratory diagnosis for confirmation (Biertuempfel et al, 1981;Mathews et al, 1996;Lobetti et al, 2002;Smarick et al, 2004;Marsh-Ng et al, 2007;Bubenik and Hosgood, 2008;Jones et al, 2009) and some researchers have not included laboratory confirmation (Nicholson, 2002;Eugster et al, 2004;Ahern et al, 2010). Committing laboratory confirmation is not cost effective and also more time consuming which prevents immediate action during outbreaks.…”

Section: Laboratory Based Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prospective study conducted by Smarick and others in 2004 reported 10.3% of healthy catheterized dogs of both sex developed urinary tract infection. Furthermore this study revealed that female dogs are more susceptible to develop the urinary tract infection (Smarick et al, 2004). A randomized clinical trial was performed with dogs underwent intervertebral disk correction surgery.…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosocomial Infections and their Surveillance in Veterinary Hospitals

Milton¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| Nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections are well-thought-out to be the most common problem affecting hospitalized human patients as well as veterinary patients. These are of great consequence in veterinary medicine and can have considerable adverse effects on the individual patient as well as on the veterinary hospital as a whole. Different infectious agents like MRSA, Cl. difficile, MDR E. coli, Salmonella spp. and many more are of prodigious significance in causing NIs. A surveillance and control measure for these NIs in veterinary settings needs to be addressed in future. This review consolidates some Nosocomial infections and the strategy for its surveillance in veterinary practice.

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“…The ability to form biofilm is crucial for catheter-related infections [1] [2]. Differently from the human isolate CFT073, all the 21 animals isolates were different in the ability to form biofilm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The urinary tract infection is a common location for bacterial infection in both humans and dogs [1] [2]. Many virulence factors are associated with the ability of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to cause disease in humans [3]- [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Virulence-Associated Genes and Ability to Form Biofilm among Clinical Isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Causing Urinary Infection in Domestic Animals

Hill

Pan

Babrak

et al. 2015

AiM

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Background: Urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli is a frequently observed condition both in humans and animals. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) has been shown to have a pathogenicity island that enables them to infect the urinary tract. Because there is little information about the presence of UPEC-associated virulent genes in animal isolates this work was carried out with the intent to enhance the understanding about the strains of E.coli that cause infections in animals. Results: We screened 21 E. coli strains isolated causing urinary tract infection in domestic animals. Primers were designed to amplify urinary infection-associated genes. Nine genes, papA, tcpC, fyuA, tpbA, Lma, hylA, picU, tonB, and flicC were then amplified and sequenced. Different from the human isolate CFT073, all the animals E. coli lack some of the pathogenesis-associated genes. Genes encoding for proteins used to scavenge iron appear not to be so necessary during animal infections as they are in human infection. In further investigation of phenotypic properties, it was observed that animal UPECs have significantly more impaired ability to form biofilms than human UPEC strain. Conclusions: This study identified significant differences between human and animal UPECs. This may have its roots in the fact that it is difficult to determine if an animal has symptoms. Future studies will focus on some of the observations.

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Incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection among dogs in a small animal intensive care unit

Cited by 109 publications

References 10 publications

Testes de avaliação de injúria renal precoce em cães e gatos

Testes de avaliação de injúria renal precoce em cães e gatos

Nosocomial Infections and their Surveillance in Veterinary Hospitals

Presence of Virulence-Associated Genes and Ability to Form Biofilm among Clinical Isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Causing Urinary Infection in Domestic Animals

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Incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection among dogs in a small animal intensive care unit

Cited by 109 publications

References 10 publications

Testes de avaliação de injúria renal precoce em cães e gatos

Testes de avaliação de injúria renal precoce em cães e gatos

Nosocomial Infections and their Surveillance in Veterinary Hospitals

Presence of Virulence-Associated Genes and Ability to Form Biofilm among Clinical Isolates of &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; Causing Urinary Infection in Domestic Animals

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Presence of Virulence-Associated Genes and Ability to Form Biofilm among Clinical Isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Causing Urinary Infection in Domestic Animals