Incidence of epilepsy among patients with cerebral palsy

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic condition due to cerebral function disorders. Epilepsy occurs as a common complication of many neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) that can affect further brain damage especially if they are with prolonged seizure. The incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP varies between 25-35%. The high incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP suggests that this disorder has common or related origins. We carried out the retrospective study to determine incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP registered within July 1988 to June 1998 in YPAC Medan and to determine whether the incidence of epilepsy differed according to type of CP. Data were compiled from medical records, including name, sex, parity, mothers age, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history, and EEG results. Data were analyzed using statistical computer program and its significance was evaluated by chi square test at p < 0,05. There were 67 cases with CP, 53 cases spastic CP, 13 cases mixed CP and one case dyskinetic CP. Of the 67 cases CP, 47,8% male, 52,2% female and mean age 50,3 (SD 36,9) months. There were 25 (37,3%) patients CP associated with epilepsy, 72% general seizures, 20% partial seizures, and 8% infantile spasms. The incidence of epilepsy was significant different among patients with CP associated with type of CP and gestasional age, p < 0,05. We concluded that incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP in YPAC Medan was 37,3% and significantly different among patients with CP according to type CP and gestasional age.

Prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in children with spastic cerebral palsy

“…Previous studies also found the spastic quadriplegia as the most common type of CP found. 7,10,14 There were 92 of 236 (39%) spastic CP subjects who had epilepsy. This result was similar to the result found by Kulak et al who found 76 of 172 (44.2%) spastic CP children in their study suffered from epilepsy.…”

Insidens dan Karakteristik Klinis Epilepsi pada Anak

“…Kajian literatur mendapatkan bahwa anak dengan palsi serebral (PS) sering disertai beberapa penyakit penyerta di antaranya epilepsi. 18,19,20 Prevalens epilepsi pada anak dengan PS sekitar 15%-55%. Peet, 21 menemukan 62/145 (43%) kasus epilepsi di sekolah anak-anak yang berkebutuhan khusus.…”

Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Epilepsi pada Anak Palsi Serebral

“…Pada anak dengan palsi serebral terdapat peningkatan risiko terjadinya epilepsi, 1 Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) melaporkan 35% anak palsi serebral menderita epilepsi, 6 Paucic-Kirincic et al 35,9%, 7 Kwong et al 37,6%, 8 Sianturi et al 37,3%, 9 dan Rahmat et al 39%. 10 Asfiksia neonatal dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya palsi serebral, dan epilepsi bila mengenai area tertentu seperti korteks serebri atau lobus temporal.…”

“…10 Tipe epilepsi yang sering ditemukan pada palsi serebral yaitu epilepsi umum tonik-klonik dan parsial. 7,9,10 Manifestasi klinis epilepsi pada palsi serebral tergantung dari letak dan luas kerusakan otak.…”