Incidence of essential hypertension in young adult males followed for over two decades

Kumar, K V S Hari; Sk, Patnaik

doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2017.11.016

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Such estimates are now feasible within programmatic settings, with implementation of annual blood pressure screening in all adults. [30] 52217 12.7 years 17 years +…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incident hypertension in Urban Slums of Central India: A prospective cohort study

Pakhare

Lahiri

Shrivastava

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: National Program for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke (NPCDCS) in India envisages annual screening of adults over age of 30 years for hypertension. It is followed by confirmation and further linkage for treatment and health promotion interventions. We aimed to estimate incidence rate of hypertension and to identify risk factors for same, so that it is useful for program implementation. Methods: We established a cohort of adults residing in urban slums of Bhopal, who were registered in a baseline cardio-vascular risk assessment survey, which was performed between November-2017 and March-2018. Blood pressure assessment was done at-least thrice at baseline for diagnosis of hypertension, which was defined as SBP >/= 140 mm Hg or DBP >/= 90 mm Hg on two or more occasions. Participants who did not have a diagnosis of hypertension, were followed up during April-June 2019. Results: Of the 5673 participants assessed at baseline, 4185 did not have hypertension of which 3199 (76.4%) were followed up after a median on 1.25 years (IQR 1.08-1.60) and a total of 170(5.31%) individuals were detected with incident hypertension. Overall incidence rate of HTN was 4.1 (95%CI 3.54-4.75) per 100 person-years of follow-up. On multi-variate analysis, age (RR 1.79; 95%CI 1.1-2.92 for age > 60 years) and being illiterate (RR 1.9; (95%CI 1.35-2.69) were significant predictors of incident hypertension. Individuals who had pre-hypertension at baseline also had a significantly increased risk of developing hypertension (RR 3.02; 95%CI 2.06-4.44). Conclusions: We found that incidence of hypertension in urban slums of central India is higher with increasing age and in men. Illiteracy and prehypertension are other determinants. We also demonstrate feasibility of establishing a cohort within the public-health delivery system, driven by efforts of Community Health Workers. Key words: Hypertension, prehypertension, Community Health Worker, Urban slums.

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“…Such estimates are now feasible within programmatic settings, with implementation of annual blood pressure screening in all adults. [30] 52217 12.7 years 17 years +…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incident hypertension in Urban Slums of Central India: A prospective cohort study

Pakhare

Lahiri

Shrivastava

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“… 5 As to incidence, rates have been reported of 58.6 cases per 100 000 people (95% CI 52.8 to 64.9) in young adults (median age 33 years). 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 As to incidence, rates have been reported of 58.6 cases per 100 000 people (95% CI 52.8 to 64.9) in young adults (median age 33 years). 6 According to WHO, hypertension increases the risk of coronary heart disease by three to four times, and the risk of cardiovascular disease by two to three times. 7 In this regard, a study of the Global Burden of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure of at least 110-115 mm Hg between 1990 and 2015, reported that most of the SBP-related deaths were caused by ischaemic cardiopathy (54.5%), haemorrhagic stroke (58.3%) and ischaemic stroke (50,0%).…”

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confidence: 99%

Individual interventions to improve adherence to pharmaceutical treatment, diet and physical activity among adults with primary hypertension. A systematic review protocol

et al. 2020

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IntroductionHypertension is a chronic disease with 31% worldwide prevalence in adults. It has been associated with non-adherence to therapeutic regime with a negative impact on the prognosis of the disease and healthcare-associated costs. So, it is necessary to identify effective interventions to improve adherence among the afflicted population. The objective of this protocol is to describe the methods for a systematic review that will evaluate the effect of individual interventions so as to improve adherence to the prescribed pharmacological treatment, as well as to prescribed diet and physical activity in adults with primary hypertension.Methods and analysisA systematic search of studies will be conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, BVS, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus databases. Randomised and non-randomised clinical studies conducted in human beings, published from 1 January 2009 to 13 December 2019, are to be included, in any language. Adherence to pharmacological treatment, diet and physical activity, measured by direct and indirect methods, will be the primary outcome. Two independent reviewers will select relevant studies and will extract the data following the Cochrane’s Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Approach and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Methodological quality will be evaluated using the risk-of-bias (RoB) 2 and Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools. Risk of bias will also be evaluated, and if the criteria are met, a meta-analysis will be finally performed.Ethics and disseminationInformation to be analysed is of a grouped nature, and given that its sources are published studies, no ethics committee approval is required. Results will be published in scientific journals, and in conferences, seminars and symposiums. Copyrights will be addressed by giving due credit through bibliographic references.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020147655

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Incident hypertension in urban slums of central India: a prospective cohort study

Pakhare¹,

Lahiri²,

Shrivastava

et al. 2021

Open Heart

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BackgroundNumerous studies have highlighted the burden of hypertension by estimating its prevalence. However, information regarding quantum and characteristics of persons whose blood pressure converts to hypertension range from their previous state of prehypertension or normal blood pressure is crucial for any public health programme. We aimed to estimate incidence rate of hypertension and to identify risk factors for the same, so that it is useful for programme implementation.MethodsWe established a cohort of adults residing in urban slums of Bhopal, who were registered in a baseline cardiovascular risk assessment survey, which was performed between November 2017 and March 2018. Blood pressure assessment was done at least three times at baseline for diagnosis of hypertension, which was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg on two occasions. Participants who did not have a diagnosis of hypertension were followed up during April–June 2019.ResultsOf the 5673 participants assessed at baseline, 4185 did not have hypertension of which 3199 (76.4%) were followed up after a median on 1.25 years (IQR 1.08–1.60) and a total of 170 (5.31%) individuals were detected with incident hypertension. Overall incidence rate of hypertension was 4.1 (95% CI 3.54 to 4.75) per 100 person-years of follow-up. On multivariate analysis, age (relative risk/RR 1.98; 95% CI 1.19 to 3.3, for age >60 years), being in first and second wealth tertile (T-1 RR 1.85; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.91) and being illiterate (RR 1.94; 95% CI 1.31 to 2.86) were significant predictors of incident hypertension. Individuals who had prehypertension at baseline also had a significantly increased risk of developing hypertension (RR 2.72; 95% CI 1.83 to 4.03).ConclusionsWe found that incidence of hypertension in urban slums of central India is higher with increasing age and in men. Illiteracy, lower Wealth Index and prehypertension are other determinants. We also demonstrate feasibility of establishing a cohort within the public health delivery system, driven by efforts of community health workers.

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Incidence of essential hypertension in young adult males followed for over two decades

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Incident hypertension in Urban Slums of Central India: A prospective cohort study

Incident hypertension in Urban Slums of Central India: A prospective cohort study

Individual interventions to improve adherence to pharmaceutical treatment, diet and physical activity among adults with primary hypertension. A systematic review protocol

Incident hypertension in urban slums of central India: a prospective cohort study

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