Incidence of Heavy Metals in the Application of Fertilizers to Crops (Wheat and Rice), a Fish (Common carp) Pond and a Human Health Risk Assessment

Naz, Saira; Fazio, Francesco; Habib, Syed Sikandar; Nawaz, Ghazala; Attaullah, Sobia; Ullah, Mukhtar; Hayat, Adil; Ahmed, Imtiaz

doi:10.3390/su142013441

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Soil toxicity prevention is linked with food and water security (SDGs 2 and 6), Several authors consider there to be a small risk of exceeding trace element toxicity limits by applying residues to soil [24,50,51], thus confirming these results. However, organic fertilizer from animal sources can entail a higher toxicity risk to soil and human health than organic fertilizer from plant residues [52][53][54]. The presence of HM in the elemental composition of pruning residues a priori does not involve a potential risk for soil or crops but depends on HM concentration, mobility, bioavailability and HM crop tolerance.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk from Organic Residues

et al. 2022

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Soil nutrient imbalance is a global threat to food security and ecosystem sustainability but adding organic residues or constructing anthropogenic soils and technosols can optimize it. However, FAO considers organic residues not “risk-free”, mainly due to their heavy metal content. Despite the fact that applying pruning residues to soil is a worldwide fertilization practice, its potential heavy metal risk has been poorly studied. This work characterizes Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb elemental composition concentration and their solubility content in almond tree pruning, commercial peat substrate, hay straw, olive tree pruning, pomegranate peel, pine needle, date palm leaf pruning, sewage sludge compost and vine pruning. Furthermore, we compare the legal frameworks governing heavy metal content in agricultural substrates to heavy metal concentration in each residue. Results show that commercial peat substrate is the only one among those studied that surpasses the threshold value for Cr in agricultural substrates. All pruning residues met the heavy metal threshold value; hence, their application to soil involves minimal soil toxicity. Moreover, the solubility index of heavy metals and the maximum quantity of each residue are crucial to discerning a heavy metal-free organic fertilization plan.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk from Organic Residues

et al. 2022

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“…The global use of pesticides was 0.2 million tons in the 1950s and more than 5 million tons in the 2000s [ 3 ]. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides increase the quantities of heavy metal contaminants in the environment [ 4 , 5 ]. Dangerous heavy metal groups are used as catalysts to produce fertilizers [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dangerous heavy metal groups are used as catalysts to produce fertilizers [ 6 ]. Previous research has shown that the heavy metals in fertilizers and pesticides appear to produce heavy metal contaminants in their products [ 5 , 7 ]. The fertilizers were shown to release several heavy metals, including chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of these studies revealed that heavy metals from fertilizer and pesticide sources could be retained in soil, crops, sediment, and aquatic animals. By comparing the concentrations of heavy metals in soil, aquatic animals, sediment, and water samples containing used and unused fertilizer, it was shown that samples with unutilized fertilizer had higher concentrations of heavy metals than the utilized fertilizer and pesticide samples [ 5 , 26 , 27 ]. Governments of several countries were concerned by heavy metal contamination that could affect human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment Samples from the Mae Chaem River, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Kawichai,

Prapamontol,

Santijitpakdee

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Heavy metals are significant environmental pollutants that are recognized as posing a potential health hazard to human beings. We investigated the concentrations of the heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface sediments collected from the Mae Chaem River in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during the dry season in 2021. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in sediments were, in decreasing order, Zn > Cr > As > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. The mean values of As, Cd, Cr, and Cu were determined to be 32.5 ± 18.3, 0.33 ± 0.07, 45.8 ± 11.9, and 21.9 ± 7.42 mg Kg−1, respectively. These levels are higher than their standard levels in Thailand, namely 10.0, 0.16, 45.5, and 21.5 mg Kg−1, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the primary origins of heavy metal contamination are predominantly attributed to residential settlements and agricultural areas. The hazard quotient (HQ) was used to estimate the non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to heavy-metal-bound surface sediments for both children and adults. The results showed that the HQ values for both groups were less than 1.0 (HQ < 1.0), indicating no risk. Moreover, assessment of the long-term risk for ingestion of toxic metals indicated no risk (<10−6) based on the lifetime cancer risk (LCR). However, the LCR values of As and Cr were 5.3 × 10−6 and 2.5 × 10−6, respectively, demonstrating the most elevated LCR among the hazardous metals in terms of children’s exposure. Therefore, it is possible that children living in agricultural areas and participating in activities around the study area may be exposed to elevated concentrations of As and Cr.

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“…On the other hand, the use of phosphate fertilizers in agricultural lands causes a decrease in soil pH and the release of lead heavy metals, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic (Atafar et al, 2010;. These factors cause the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in plants and finally, they are transferred to humans and animals through the food chain (Atafar et al, 2010;Wei et al, 2020;Naz et al, 2022). Other factors of environmental pollution with heavy metals are mining activities, abandoned sulfide mines, acidic mine drainage, and abandoned tailings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Effectiveness of Phytoremediation in the Purification of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals

Zakrzewski,

Mencel,

Mocek-Płóciniak

et al. 2023

World J Environ Biosci

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Waste chemicals cause soil pollution and increase concerns about the environment. Among these waste materials, heavy metals have significant physiological effects on living organisms due to their indestructibility. Due to the lack of decomposition of heavy metals in the environment, there is a need to remove them from the environment. Considering the very high costs of physical and chemical methods, efforts are being made to introduce and use cheaper methods. In this study, an attempt has been made to introduce a new method using the potential of plants to remove soil pollution. The most obvious disadvantages of this method are the following: limited to sites with low and medium pollution, shallow roots, low biomass production, low bioavailability of metals in the soil (especially calcareous and young soils) in dry areas and Semi-dry, and time-consuming. According to the results obtained from various studies, the following are suitable solutions to overcome these problems: choosing suitable species, using bacteria resistant to heavy metals and stimulating plant growth, strengthening the root system, more biomass production, and increasing the bioavailability of metals by plants. The use of microbial inoculation helps plant species to efficiently remove heavy metals from the soil. The application of the phytoremediation technique has been less used so far and due to the ignorance and carelessness of some people, it has never been used as an effective method in the purification of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce and replace plants and apply new strategies based on the investigation of the cooperation of plantmicrobial communities.

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Incidence of Heavy Metals in the Application of Fertilizers to Crops (Wheat and Rice), a Fish (Common carp) Pond and a Human Health Risk Assessment

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Environmental Risk from Organic Residues

Environmental Risk from Organic Residues

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment Samples from the Mae Chaem River, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Studying the Effectiveness of Phytoremediation in the Purification of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals

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