Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Texas Latinos, 1995–2010: An Update

Ramirez, Amelie G.; Muñoz, Edgar; Holden, Alan E.C.; Adeigbe, Rebecca T.; Suarez, Lucina

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099365

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…25 In addition, emerging obesity-associated HCC risk factors, specifically metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, are exceptionally common and increasing among Texas residents, especially among Hispanics who have 2- to 3-fold higher HCC incidence rates than those in the rest of the nation. 26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in All 50 United States, From 2000 Through 2012

et al. 2017

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BACKGROUND & AIMS The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported to be plateauing in the United States. The United States has large racial, ethnic, and regional variation; we collected data from all 50 states to better analyze changes in HCC incidence in the entire United States. METHODS We collected data from the US Cancer Statistics registry, which covers 97% of the population, and calculated adjusted incidence rates. We assessed annual trends among sociodemographic and geographic subgroups using joinpoint analysis. RESULTS HCC incidence increased from 4.4/100,000 in 2000 to 6.7/100,000 in 2012, increasing by 4.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3%–4.7%) annually between 2000 and 2009, but only by 0.7% annually (95% CI, −0.2% to 1.6%) from 2010 through 2012. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) between 2000 and 2012 was higher in men (increase, 3.7%) than in women (increase, 2.7%), and highest in 55- to 59-year-old individuals (AAPC, 8.9%; 95% CI, 7.1%–10.7%) and 60- to 64-year-old individuals (AAPC, 6.4%; 95% CI, 4.7%–8.2%). By 2012, rates in Hispanics surpassed those in Asians, and rates in Texas surpassed those in Hawaii (9.71/100,000 vs 9.68/100,000). Geographic variation within individual race and ethnic groups was observed, but rates were highest in all major race and ethnic groups in Texas. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of the incidence of HCC in all 50 US states, we found the rate of increase in HCC to have slowed from 2010 through 2012. However, incidence is increasing in subgroups such as men ages 55- to 64 years old—especially those born in the peak era of hepatitis C virus infection and among whites/Caucasians. Rates in Hispanics have surpassed those in Asian Americans. We observed geographic differences, with Texas having the highest age-adjusted HCC rates nationwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in All 50 United States, From 2000 Through 2012

et al. 2017

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“…This cohort study offers possible insights into contributory factors for chronic liver disease, which was the sixth most common cause of death in Hispanics in 2010 but not even among the top 10 for non‐Hispanic whites or African Americans . In regard to other sequelae of HCV infection, Hispanics are disproportionately affected by HCC in national and regional studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High priority for hepatitis C screening in safety net hospitals: Results from a prospective cohort of 4582 hospitalized baby boomers

et al. 2015

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Low-income populations are disproportionately affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Thus, implementing baby boomer screening (born 1945-1965) for HCV may be a high priority for safety net hospitals. We report the prevalence and predictors of HCV infection and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis based on the Fibrosis-4 score plus imaging for a baby boomer cohort admitted to a safety net hospital over a 21-month interval with >9 months of follow-up. Anti-HCV antibody testing was performed for 4582, or 90%, of all neverscreened patients, of whom 312 (6.7%) tested positive. Adjusted odds ratios of testing anti-HCV-positive were 2.66 for men versus women (P < 0.001), 1.25 for uninsured versus insured (P 5 0.06), 0.70 for Hispanics versus non-Hispanic whites (P 5 0.005), and 0.93 per year of age (P < 0.001). Among 287 patients tested for HCV RNA (91% of all anti-HCVpositive cases), 175 (61%) were viremic (3.8% overall prevalence in cohort), which was 5% less likely per year of age (P < 0.03). Noninvasive staging of 148 (84.6%) chronic HCV patients identified advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in 50 (33.8%), with higher adjusted odds ratios of 3.21 for Hispanics versus non-Hispanic whites/Asians (P 5 0.02) and 1.18 per year of age (P 5 0.001). Other factors associated with significantly higher adjusted odds ratios of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis were alcohol abuse/dependence, obesity, and being uninsured. Conclusion: In this low-income, hospitalized cohort, 4% of 4582 screened baby boomers were diagnosed with chronic HCV, nearly twice the rate in the community; one-third had noninvasive testing that indicated advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, which was significantly more likely for Hispanics, those of older age, those with obesity, those with alcohol abuse/ dependence, and those who lacked insurance. (HEPATOLOGY 2015;62:1388-1395

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“…The cause for this pattern is unclear but may reflect acculturation and a higher prevalence of risk factors for liver cancer, such as obesity, hepatitis C infection, heavy alcohol consumption, and diabetes, in US‐born Hispanics. Incidence and death rates among Hispanics in Texas, who are predominantly of Mexican descent, are also elevated . This may partly reflect the rapid increase in obesity among Mexican men and women …”

Section: Selected Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer statistics for Hispanics/Latinos, 2015

Siegel

Fedewa

Miller

et al. 2015

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

427

398

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Cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanics/Latinos, who represent the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the United States, accounting for 17.4% (55.4 million/318 million) of the total US population in 2014. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society reports on cancer statistics for Hispanics based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Among Hispanics in 2015, there will be an estimated 125,900 new cancer cases diagnosed and 37,800 cancer deaths. For all cancers combined, Hispanics have 20% lower incidence rates and 30% lower death rates compared with non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs); however, death rates are slightly higher among Hispanics during adolescence (aged 15‐19 years). Hispanic cancer rates vary by country of origin and are generally lowest in Mexicans, with the exception of infection‐associated cancers. Liver cancer incidence rates in Hispanic men, which are twice those in NHW men, doubled from 1992 to 2012; however, rates in men aged younger than 50 years declined by 43% since 2003, perhaps a bellwether of future trends for this highly fatal cancer. Variations in cancer risk between Hispanics and NHWs, as well as between subpopulations, are driven by differences in exposure to cancer‐causing infectious agents, rates of screening, and lifestyle patterns. Strategies for reducing cancer risk in Hispanic populations include increasing the uptake of preventive services (eg, screening and vaccination) and targeted interventions to reduce obesity, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:457–480. © 2015 American Cancer Society.

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Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Texas Latinos, 1995–2010: An Update

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in All 50 United States, From 2000 Through 2012

Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in All 50 United States, From 2000 Through 2012

High priority for hepatitis C screening in safety net hospitals: Results from a prospective cohort of 4582 hospitalized baby boomers

Cancer statistics for Hispanics/Latinos, 2015

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