Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis among Children is associated with the Presence of Pigs in Bali, Indonesia

Damayanti, Putu Ayu Asri; Adi, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah; Astawa, I Nyoman Mantik; Sudarmaja, I Made; Kardena, I Made; Swastika, I Kadek

doi:10.13005/bpj/1237

Cited by 11 publications

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“…Whilst, in the pig serum samples tested, Tabanan had the highest antibody prevalence at 89.3% (25/28) compared to Denpasar at 66.13% (41/62) and Buleleng at 35% (21/60) [ 63 ]. More recently, Damayanti et al [ 64 ] and Kuwata et al [ 35 ] also conducted studies related to JE infection in pigs in Bali. The former performing the study in relation to determining the risk of JE infection in children [ 64 ], while the latter was to detect the genotype of the JEV circulated in Bali [ 35 ] ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Damayanti et al [ 64 ] and Kuwata et al [ 35 ] also conducted studies related to JE infection in pigs in Bali. The former performing the study in relation to determining the risk of JE infection in children [ 64 ], while the latter was to detect the genotype of the JEV circulated in Bali [ 35 ] ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… HI [ 62 ] Pigs 2015 A total of 60% (48/80) of pig serum samples were notified to have the antibodies (IgM & IgG) against JEV. ELISA [ 64 ] Pigs 2017 Genotype IV of JEV was identified in 2 out of 5 isolates of 105 pig serums collected in Denpasar, Bali. RT-PCR [ 35 ] HI: haemagglutination inhibition, ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia: ecological and socio-cultural perspectives

Kardena

Adi

Astawa

et al. 2021

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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The increasing number of cases of acute encephalitis syndrome, a key presenting clinical sign of Japanese encephalitis infection in humans, along with increasing laboratory confirmed cases in Bali over recent years have led to the Indonesian government developing a national program of vaccination against Japanese encephalitis virus. In order to inform multidisciplinary management, a review was conducted to assess Japanese encephalitis virus-related cases in humans and animals including their determinants and detection in vectors. Along with published literature, key data from local authorized officers in Bali have been used to convey the recent situation of the disease. Related surveys detected up to 92% of the local children had antibodies against the virus with the annual incidence estimated to be 7.1 per 100,000 children. Additionally, reports on young and adult cases of infection within international travellers infected in Bali were documented with both non-fatal and fatal outcomes. Further seroprevalence surveys detected up to 90% with antibodies to the virus in animal reservoirs. The detection of the virus in certain Culex mosquito species and high levels of seropositivity may be associated with greater risk of the virus transmission to the human population. It was also highlighted that local sociocultural practices for agriculture and livestock were potentially associated with the high density of the vector and the reservoirs, which then may lead to the risk of the disease transmission in the ecology of Bali.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia: ecological and socio-cultural perspectives

Kardena

Adi

Astawa

et al. 2021

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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“…For this reason, JEV seroprevalence studies were mainly conducted in swine reared in (or close to) such ecosystems. In such contexts, JEV seroprevalence was shown to be potentially very high, with values ranging from about 40% in Indonesia to more than 75% of HIA- or ELISA-positive results (confirmed by SNT) in Hong Kong or Laos [31,34,84,85,89,101,103,104,116]. These high prevalence levels led to JE being considered mainly a rural disease, and proximity to rice fields and pig rearing, particularly backyard farming, were identified as major risk factors of JE in humans [89].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Central Is the Domestic Pig in the Epidemiological Cycle of Japanese Encephalitis Virus? A Review of Scientific Evidence and Implications for Disease Control

Ladreyt

Durand

Dussart

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Despite the existence of human vaccines, Japanese encephalitis (JE) remains the leading cause of human encephalitis in Asia. Pigs are described as the main amplifying host, but their role in JE epidemiology needs to be reassessed in order to identify and implement efficient control strategies, for both human and animal health. We aimed to provide a systematic review of publications linked to JE in swine, in terms of both individual and population characteristics of JE virus (JEV) infection and circulation, as well as observed epidemiological patterns. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to select and analyze relevant articles from the Scopus database, 127 of which were included in the review. Pigs are central, but the implication of secondary hosts cannot be ruled out and should be further investigated. Although human vaccination cannot eradicate the virus, it is clearly the most important means of preventing human disease. However, a better understanding of the actual involvement of domestic pigs as well as other potential JEV hosts in different JEV epidemiological cycles and patterns could help to identify additional/complementary control measures, either by targeting pigs or not, and in some specific epidemiological contexts, contribute to reduce virus circulation and protect humans from JEV infection.

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“…Binatang yang merupakan sumber virus (amplifying host) adalah babi dan burung air. Berdasarkan habitat babi, burung air dan nyamuk maka wisatawan yang tinggal lama atau beraktifitas daerah pedalaman, peternakan, kandang babi, sawah, dan area irigasi adalah berisiko tinggi tertular (Adi et al, 2016;Damayanti et al, 2017;Lindahl et al, 2012).…”

Section: Malariaunclassified

Risiko Mosquito-Borne Diseases Pada Wisatawan Di Indonesia Dan Peran Travel Health Nursing

Damayanti¹,

Yanti²

2020

COPING

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Kunjungan wisatawan internasional meningkat setiap tahun mencapai 1,4 milyar wisatawan pada tahun 2019. Peningkatan kunjungan wisatawan akan meningkatkan risiko wisatawan untuk mengalami gangguan kesehatan. Ganguan kesehatan yang banyak ditemui wisatawan bersumber dari penyakit yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk yang dikenal dengan mosquito-borne diseases (MBD). Indonesia sebagai salah satu tujuan wisata endemis terhadap MBD seperti malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Japanese Encephalitis (JE), dan limfatik filariasis. Wisatawan harus mempersiapkan diri sebelum melakukan perjalanan dan mencari informasi tentang tempat yang dikunjungi. Perawat travel health melakukan pelayanan sebelum perjalanan (pre-travel), setelah perjalanan (post-travel), dan saat wisata (during/in-transit care) dengan berfokus pada pencegahan primer dan sekunder pada penyakit yang berhubungan dengan perjalanan wisata. Pencegahan terhadap gigitan nyamuk dan kemoprofilakss adalah upaya pencegahan yang efektif karena sebagian besar MBD belum ada obat dan vaksinnya kecuali penyakit JE. Profesi perawat travel health sangat dibutuhkan untuk menyiapkan dan memantau kesehatan para wisatawan.

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Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis among Children is associated with the Presence of Pigs in Bali, Indonesia

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia: ecological and socio-cultural perspectives

Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia: ecological and socio-cultural perspectives

How Central Is the Domestic Pig in the Epidemiological Cycle of Japanese Encephalitis Virus? A Review of Scientific Evidence and Implications for Disease Control

Risiko Mosquito-Borne Diseases Pada Wisatawan Di Indonesia Dan Peran Travel Health Nursing

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