Incidence of metastasis in circumflex iliac nodes in patients with cervical cancer: a systematic review

Abstract

ObjectiveThe circumflex iliac nodes distal to the external iliac nodes are frequently removed when bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy is performed in patients with cervical cancer. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the incidence of metastasis in the circumflex iliac nodes in patients with cervical cancer.MethodsPubMed/Medline, ClinicalTrials, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Ovid databases were searched from inception to May 2021. We included articles published in English language reporting all types of studies, except for case reports and commentaries. Abstracts and unpublished studies were excluded. The inclusion criteria were diagnosis of cervical cancer, FIGO 2009 stages IA–IIB, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma, and primary surgery including pelvic lymph node dissection.ResultsA total of 3037 articles were identified. Overall, 1165 eligible patients from four studies were included in the analysis. A total of 696 (59.7%) patients had early-stage disease (FIGO 2009 stages IA, IB1, IIA1). The median number of extracted circumflex iliac nodes, which was reported in two studies, was one (range not reported) and three (range 1–13). The positive lymph node rate for the entire population and circumflex iliac node involvement were 26.9% and 3.1%, respectively. Isolated metastases were reported for 904 patients (three studies) and in one patient nodal spread was detected (0.11%).ConclusionThe rate of isolated metastases in circumflex iliac nodes is small and excision of these lymph nodes as part of routine lymphadenectomy should be avoided.

Incidence of lymph node metastasis in early-stage low-grade serous ovarian cancer: a systematic review

“…We also searched the reference lists of eligible studies and used forward citation tracking with Google Scholar to identify further eligible manuscripts. Similar methodology has been reported by the authors previously 11…”

Diagnostic value of dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT in lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer and analysis of the causes of missed diagnosis

“…Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the interstitial infiltration depth of <one half was an independent risk factor for the missed diagnosis of lymph node metastasis by MSCT. Possibly, the patients with the interstitial infiltration depth of <one half were often accompanied by smaller tumor diameters [21] and less prone to lymph node metastasis. The prognosis of cervical cancer is closely related to the degree of tumor differentiation.…”

HPV co‐infections with other pathogens in cancer development: A comprehensive review

“…In 2020, around 604 127 individuals received a new diagnosis of cervical cancer, and 34 1831 lost their lives to this ailment on a global scale. Regrettably, a significant majority of both new cases and fatalities, ranging from 85% to 90%, have taken place in countries categorized as less developed 9 . In co‐infection, the existence of one infectious agent modifies the natural history of another one.…”

“…as less developed. 9 In co-infection, the existence of one infectious agent modifies the natural history of another one. Interactions of HPVs with viruses or bacteria that share a similar epithelial niche or transmission routes could increase HPV replication and persistence, and accelerate cancer progression.…”