Incidence of neurobehavioral side effects associated with levetiracetam compared to phenytoin in traumatic brain injury patients

Nguyen, J.; Yaw, Tian; Gratton, Holly

doi:10.1080/02699052.2021.1927184

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…An additional 53 articles were excluded as these did not meet the eligibility criteria of this meta-analysis. Finally, 25 articles with a total sample size of 6,466 cases were included in the network meta-analysis, including seven randomized controlled trials ( Young et al, 1983a ; Young et al, 1983b ; Temkin et al, 1990 ; Temkin et al, 1999 ; Szaflarski et al, 2010 ; Khan et al, 2016 ; Younus et al, 2018 ), four prospective studies ( Jones et al, 2008 ; Inaba et al, 2013 ; Gabriel and Rowe, 2014 ; Khor et al, 2018 ), 13 retrospective studies ( Wohns and Wyler, 1979 ; Servit and Musil, 1981 ; Ma et al, 2010 ; Debenham et al, 2011 ; Caballero et al, 2013 ; Kruer et al, 2013 ; Bhullar et al, 2014 ; Javed et al, 2016 ; Zangbar et al, 2016 ; Hazama et al, 2018 ; Kwon et al, 2019 ; Harris et al, 2020 ; Nguyen et al, 2021 ), and one non-randomized trial ( Klein et al, 2012 ) as shown in Figure 1 . The characteristics of the study design, interventions, and sample size for each treatment group are summarized in ( Tables 1 , 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of antiseizure medications therapy in preventing seizures in brain injury patients: A network meta-analysis

Huo

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Purpose: To explore the effectiveness of different anti-seizure medications in preventing early and late post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). The efficacy, treatment-related side-effects, and mortality of the different treatments were compared using a ranking model to identify the optimal treatment. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library databases. All relevant published articles up to 10 March 2022 were evaluated. The quality of the extracted data was assessed using either the Cochrane risk of bias tool or the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The primary outcome measures were early or late post-traumatic seizures. The secondary outcome measures were mortality, treatmentrelated adverse effects, length of hospital stay, and length of stay within the intensive care unit (ICU).Results: A total of seven randomized controlled trials and 18 non-randomized controlled trials were included in this network meta-analysis. The trials included six interventions: Phenytoin (PHT)+phenobarbital (PB), levetiracetam (LEV), PHT, PHT-LEV, lacosamide (LCM), and valproate (VPA). All interventions except VPA significantly reduced the rate of early PTE in TBI patients compared with the placebo. Seven studies reported the impact of four treatments (PHT + PB, LEV, PHT, VPA) on late seizures and showed a significant reduction in the incidence of late seizures in patients with TBI

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of antiseizure medications therapy in preventing seizures in brain injury patients: A network meta-analysis

Huo

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Phenytoin sodium and levetiracetam are the most commonly used AEDs to prevent PTE in clinical applications. 9,10 Still, previous studies have shown that early administration of AEDs can reduce the risk of early PTS compared with placebo or standard care. Still, there was no evidence that AEDs can reduce the risk of late seizures or mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, the existing AEDs do not seem ideal for reducing the risk of late PTE. Phenytoin sodium and levetiracetam are the most commonly used AEDs to prevent PTE in clinical applications 9,10 . Still, previous studies have shown that early administration of AEDs can reduce the risk of early PTS compared with placebo or standard care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropharmacological insight into preventive intervention in posttraumatic epilepsy based on regulating glutamate homeostasis

et al. 2023

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Background Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most critical complications of traumatic brain injury (TBI), significantly increasing TBI patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms and mortality. The abnormal accumulation of glutamate caused by TBI and its secondary excitotoxicity are essential reasons for neural network reorganization and functional neural plasticity changes, contributing to the occurrence and development of PTE. Restoring glutamate balance in the early stage of TBI is expected to play a neuroprotective role and reduce the risk of PTE. Aims To provide a neuropharmacological insight for drug development to prevent PTE based on regulating glutamate homeostasis. Methods We discussed how TBI affects glutamate homeostasis and its relationship with PTE. Furthermore, we also summarized the research progress of molecular pathways for regulating glutamate homeostasis after TBI and pharmacological studies aim to prevent PTE by restoring glutamate balance. Results TBI can lead to the accumulation of glutamate in the brain, which increases the risk of PTE. Targeting the molecular pathways affecting glutamate homeostasis helps restore normal glutamate levels and is neuroprotective. Discussion Taking glutamate homeostasis regulation as a means for new drug development can avoid the side effects caused by direct inhibition of glutamate receptors, expecting to alleviate the diseases related to abnormal glutamate levels in the brain, such as PTE, Parkinson's disease, depression, and cognitive impairment. Conclusion It is a promising strategy to regulate glutamate homeostasis through pharmacological methods after TBI, thereby decreasing nerve injury and preventing PTE.

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Guidelines for Seizure Prophylaxis in Adults Hospitalized with Moderate–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health Care Professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society

Frontera,

Gilmore,

Johnson

et al. 2024

Neurocrit Care

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Incidence of neurobehavioral side effects associated with levetiracetam compared to phenytoin in traumatic brain injury patients

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Effectiveness of antiseizure medications therapy in preventing seizures in brain injury patients: A network meta-analysis

Effectiveness of antiseizure medications therapy in preventing seizures in brain injury patients: A network meta-analysis

Neuropharmacological insight into preventive intervention in posttraumatic epilepsy based on regulating glutamate homeostasis

Guidelines for Seizure Prophylaxis in Adults Hospitalized with Moderate–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health Care Professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society

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