Incidence of Penicillin-Resistant and Streptomycin-Resistant Staphylococci in a Hospital

Rountree, PhyllisM.; Thomson, E. F.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(49)90168-3

Cited by 116 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The general relationship between phage grouping and resistance to the antibiotics observed in other parts of the world (12,13,14,15,16) is confirmed in this study. The highest rate of antibiotic-resistant strains was found in the broad group III, nearly in group I, and the lowest in group II.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Phage‐typing of Staphylococci From Pyogenic Lesions and Carriers in and Outside the Hospital

Ishihara

Tsuji

1959

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Phage‐typing of Staphylococci From Pyogenic Lesions and Carriers in and Outside the Hospital

Ishihara

Tsuji

1959

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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“…The S. aureus isolates collected from this Melbourne Hospital, resemble strains recovered during the equivalent period from the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney with respect to antibiotic resistance and bacteriophage type (Rountree et al, 1951;Rountree, 1953 and1978;Beard, 1958 and1965;Rountree and Vickery, 1973). At both hospitals, penicillin-resistant strains of various bacteriophage types were detected in the late 1940s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although the bacteriophage types of Australian strains of S. aureus isolated from the late 1940s to mid 1970s have been well documented (Rountree, Barbour and Thomson, 1951;Rountree, 1953 and1978;Beard, 1958 and1965;Rountree and Vickery, 1973), little information is available about the plasmids present in S. aureus strains before the onset of methicillin resistance. This paper reviews the antibiotic-resistance patterns and plasmid-DNA profiles of clinical isolates of S. aureus isolated in a Melbourne hospital during four decades of antibiotic therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at an Australian Hospital between 1946 and 1981

Gillespie¹,

May²,

Skurray

1985

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY.A total of 517 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated at a hospital in Melbourne, Australia between 1946 and 198 1 was examined for resistance to a range of antimicrobial agents and for the presence of plasmid DNA. The use of mixed-culture transfer and restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the determinants for resistance to penicillin and to the heavy metals were carried by several related plasmids of (15-23) x lo6 mol. wt, and that tetracycline resistance was encoded on a plasmid of 2.8 x 1 O6 mol. wt in strains isolated before 1970. These phenotypes were chromosomally encoded in the majority of strains isolated thereafter. Resistance to chloramphenicol throughout the study period was plasmid-mediated. Of five aminoglycoside-resistance phenotypes, one was plasmid-mediated and three were chromosomally encoded. The remaining phenotype, specifying low-level gentamicin resistance, was found to be located on the chromosome of early isolates, but in later strains was borne by an 18 x lo6 mol. wt plasmid which also encoded resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds.

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“…From the nose the organism is passed to other sites on the body surface, to the clothes and thence to dust particles. The nasal carrier rate has been determined by many investigators and, based on a single examination, averages about 85 % for infants (Miles, 1941;McFarlan, 1942;Martyn, 1949;Thomas & Cunliffe, 1949;Duncan & Walker, 1949;Ludlam, 1953), 57 % for children (Hallman, 1937;McFarlan, 1938;Miles, 1941;Cunliffe, 1949), 45 % for adolescents and young adults (Hailman, 1937;McFarlan, 1938;Gillespie, Devenish & Cowan, 1939;Miles, Williams & Clayton-Cooper, 1944;Rountree, Barbour & Thomson, 1951), 50 % for adults (Hallman, 1937;McFarlan, 1938;Miles et al 1944;Williams, 1946;Thomas & Cunliffe, 1949;Rountree & Thomson, 1949;Elwood, 1951) and 65 % for hospital staff (Hart, 1937;Devenish & Miles, 1939;Allison & Hobbs, 1947;Barber & Rozwadowska-Dowzenko, 1949;Rountree & Thomson, 1949;Rountree, Barbour & Thomson, 1951;Martin & Whitehead, 1949). Repeated examination of the same individuals has shown that the presence of staphylococci is sporadic in some and constant in others (Williams, 1946).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carriage of Staphylococcus pyogenes var. aureus in the human nose

Gould

McKillop

1954

J. Hyg.

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Over 500 medical students have been examined for nasal carriage of Staph. pyogenes at weekly intervals over a period ranging from 3 to 12 months.Nasal carriers were classified as persistent, intermittent and occasional. Of the students, 39% were persistent or intermittent carriers in whom the staphylococcus was believed to colonize the skin of the vestibule of the nose; 42% were occasional carriers in whom the staphylococcus was only a chance inhabitant of the nares.Staph. pyogenes was isolated from the anterior nares of persistent carriers on at least 90% of the occasions on which they were examined, and was of the same phage type on each occasion. From intermittent carriers it was isolated less regularly, but on at least 10% of occasions on which they were examined, and it remained of one phage type. Staph. pyogenes was isolated at less than 10% of swabbings from occasional carriers, and at each the organism was of a different phage type.Eighty-nine per cent of persistent and intermittent carrier strains, and 54% of occasional carrier strains could be typed with phage filtrates. The strains not typable with phage filtrates, and found predominantly among occasional carriers, were considered worthy of separate classification, and it is suggested that typability with phage be used as a criterion of pathogenicity for Staph. pyogenes.We wish to thank Prof. T. J. Mackie for his continued interest and advice; Dr J. P. Duguid for criticism and advice; Dr R. E. O. Williams and Miss Joan Rippon of the Staphylococcal Reference Laboratory, Colindale, who very kindly instructed one of us (J.C.G.) in bacteriophage typing; Dr Donald Cruickshank for taking nasal swabs from patients; Dr Cumming of the Blood Transfusion Department, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, for permission to swab blood donors, and the medical students who so willingly co-operated in this work.

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Incidence of Penicillin-Resistant and Streptomycin-Resistant Staphylococci in a Hospital

Cited by 116 publications

References 8 publications

Phage‐typing of Staphylococci From Pyogenic Lesions and Carriers in and Outside the Hospital

Phage‐typing of Staphylococci From Pyogenic Lesions and Carriers in and Outside the Hospital

Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at an Australian Hospital between 1946 and 1981

The carriage of Staphylococcus pyogenes var. aureus in the human nose

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